BMC Med:血清睾酮水平的恢复是男性患者COVID-19存活的准确预测指标

2022-04-30 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

严重新冠肺炎发病中可能存在性别差异的潜在机制尚不完全清楚。

背景:新冠肺炎大流行是由SARS-CoV-2引起的,其临床表现多种多样,包括炎症状态加剧,并伴有病毒直接细胞病变以外的组织和器官破坏。从大流行一开始,就很明显,虽然男性和女性的感染率相似,但与其他致病冠状病毒、SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV以及其他病毒性呼吸道感染相似,严重疾病和死亡的风险与男性显著相关。多种因素被考虑来解释严重新冠肺炎发病过程中观察到的性别差异,包括年龄和合并症,如心血管疾病、高血压、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、糖尿病、肥胖症或活动性癌症的不同生物学和病理生理影响。疾病严重程度的性别差异也在种族和民族群体中观察到,受新冠肺炎影响不成比例。

严重新冠肺炎发病中可能存在性别差异的潜在机制尚不完全清楚。作为SARS-CoV-2的主要细胞受体ACE2和主要的病毒融合膜相关蛋白TMPRSS2,受到雄激素的转录调控,已经预测男性比女性更容易感染SARS-CoV-2并发展成更严重的疾病。然而,男性和女性显示出相似的感染风险,对接受雄激素剥夺治疗的男性新冠肺炎患者进行的观察性研究在发展为严重新冠肺炎的风险方面产生了截然不同的结果。。相反,越来越多的证据表明,男性患者严重的新冠肺炎伴随着循环睾酮水平的降低,这表明雄激素和雄激素受体AR在防止导致严重形式的疾病发展的先天和/或获得性免疫功能障碍方面发挥了关键作用。睾酮在凝血中的作用也被认为是新冠肺炎发病过程中需要考虑的一个因素。

对病原体的免疫反应的性别二型性早已被认识到,指出与男性相比,女性具有更强的抗病毒机制、更强的T调节细胞、更多的第二组固有淋巴样细胞(ILC2)以及更好的免疫介导的组织修复能力。此外,性激素可能会不同地影响许多自身免疫性和炎症性疾病的频率和严重程度,这些疾病通常在女性中比男性更普遍。应该指出的是,性激素可能会产生明显的反差效应。例如,在接种流感疫苗时,观察到了睾酮的免疫抑制作用,而在老年雄性小鼠感染流感后补充睾酮,导致血清睾酮水平下降,降低了死亡率。

目的:为了更好地了解睾酮状态和疾病严重程度之间的关系,我们分析了新冠肺炎患者的血清生物标志物,包括睾酮和免疫细胞亚群与疾病预后的关系。我们发现,血清睾酮水平的变化轨迹可以高度准确地预测男性新冠肺炎患者的存活率。此外,我们证实,具有致命结局的男性新冠肺炎患者表现出循环中分化的CD-4+T淋巴细胞和单核细胞亚群的晚期协同耗竭,反映为未分化的CD-4+T细胞和单核细胞的相对丰富。

方法:对497名住院的男性和女性COVID-19患者的入院样本的生化和血液学参数进行分析,以了解其与预后和性别的关系。对114名男性患者的亚短期纵向(住院期间)分析结果。通过流式细胞术对24例男性患者的免疫群体进行纵向分析,研究其与预后的关系。结果:我们发现在男性和女性患者中疾病结果的生化预测因子存在数量上的差异。对一组COVID-19男性患者的纵向分析发现,在所有研究的生化参数(包括单点入院血清睾酮值)中,血清睾酮轨迹是这些患者存活的最强预测因子(ROC的AUC = 92.8%,p < 0.0001)。在致死病例中,血清黄体生成素(LH)和雄烯二酮水平的纵向测定不符合生理反馈模式。未能恢复生理睾酮水平与T辅助细胞分化受损和循环经典单核细胞增多相关。

表1男性研究人群的基线临床特征

表2女性研究人群的基线临床特征

图1与结果相关的男性(A,C)和女性(B,D)COVID-19患者的临床生化特征。对患者入院时收集的样本进行临床生化值测定。A、B左图:主成分分析(PCA ),显示了男性(A)或女性(B)患者中指示参数的升高水平与轻度、中度、重度幸存者或重度死亡结果之间的相关性。右图:生化参数水平升高与结果之间相关系数的热图。对所有参数与结果进行Spearman多元相关分析,得到的系数对每列(范围,0到1)进行标准化,并用于构建热图。评估入院样本的相关临床生化参数的C、D值,并根据男性(C)和女性(D)患者的最终结果进行分组。星号表示按结果分组的样本之间成对比较的显著性:*p ≤ 0.05,**p ≤ 0.01,***p ≤ 0.001,以及****p ≤ 0.0001。不显著的比较(p > 0.05)没有显示

图2评估临床生化参数作为COVID-19导致的严重疾病或死亡风险的预测因素。男性和女性患者临床生物化学参数的优势比(OR)和严重疾病风险(A)或死亡风险(B)。C、D受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和严重疾病(C)或死亡(D)风险的曲线下面积(AUC)值。仅显示了具有显著AUC值(p ≤ 0.05)的参数。e .血清睾酮水平与淋巴细胞(白细胞百分比和计数)和中性粒细胞计数的相关性

结论:在男性患者中,恢复或未能恢复睾酮水平分别与生存或死亡密切相关。我们的数据表明,在大多数患者中,中枢性黄体生成素-雄激素生物合成轴早期受到抑制,随后幸存者完全恢复,或者在致命病例中出现外周衰竭。这些发现提示了睾酮状态在新冠肺炎免疫反应中的重要作用,并保证了睾酮状态与SARS-CoV-2感染结局之间的机制的未来实验探索,具有潜在的预防或治疗意义。

原文出处:Toscano-Guerra E,  Gallo MM,  Arrese-Muñoz I, et al.Recovery of serum testosterone levels is an accurate predictor of survival from COVID-19 in male patients.BMC Med 2022 03 29;20(1)

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    2023-02-21 正气相当同化代谢 来自山东省

    雄激素治疗各种感冒我探索了34年!#Lancet#

    0

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    2022-08-14 迟阿鲁

    我33年前发现雄激素治疗感冒有效。

    0

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    2022-06-17 14691c18m86暂无昵称

    牛逼

    0

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