且行且珍“膝”

2017-05-26 张思玮 中国科学报

随着老龄化社会的到来,国内膝关节患病的人数也随之增多。据统计,60岁以上的人群中有超过50%的人患有膝关节骨性关节炎,70岁以上的老人超过60%。

随着老龄化社会的到来,国内膝关节患病的人数也随之增多。据统计,60岁以上的人群中有超过50%的人患有膝关节骨性关节炎,70岁以上的老人超过60%。

膝关节,作为人体运动和支持人体站立姿势的最关键的关节之一,它承受全身的重量,是人体容易损伤的关节,一半以上的运动损伤都波及到膝关节。

那么,我们应该如何去保护膝关节呢?

跑步机最伤膝盖

在保护之前,我们首先要了解为什么膝关节是人体最容易受伤和退变的关节之一。

北京协和医院基本外科医生蒋超表示,膝关节作为下肢关节,需要承受来自人体所有的重量,同时又要有很大的活动范围。“正如一台机器的零部件,往往是负荷最大、活动要求最高的部位,最容易出现损伤。”

何种运动最损害膝关节呢?在蒋超看来,跑步机绝对“首屈一指”,因为跑步机属于恒速,这就意味几十分钟之内,膝关节及周围的韧带组织必须一直保持这个张力,而随着体力下降或者其他因素,你的步伐一旦跟不上跑步机,膝关节及其韧带必须在瞬间调整张力,否则就会被拉伤。

当然,这并不是说跑步本身对膝关节的损害有多大,因为人类进化至此,跑步已是人最基本的活动要求之一,而膝关节也早已适应了这种活动。所以,最好的跑步方式就是回到自然界,让自己随心所欲地加快和放慢跑步的步伐!

爬山记得用护膝

除了跑步机,爬山也容易损伤膝关节。

“因为相比直线运动,扭转对于膝关节及其周围韧带组织的负荷要求是最大的。”蒋超说,爬山对膝关节的损伤主要表现在两个方面:下山过程中,膝关节同时承受着体重,以及下山减速所带来的冲击力的双重压力;此外,当山路坎坷时,往往需要做扭膝动作来保护身体平衡,这就再次加重了膝关节的负担。

那么,如何在爬山过程中保护膝关节呢?首先要选择平坦、平整道路或者有台阶的山路;其次,适当使用护膝,尤其是下山过程中。

高跟鞋也有“害”

此外,相比男性,膝关节损伤更“青睐”女性。而这其中重要原因就是——高跟鞋。

不可否认的是,高跟鞋让女人显得腿长、有风度。然而,高跟鞋却深深伤害了膝关节。“因为高跟鞋改变了人体下肢正常力量负荷,使得膝关节承受数倍于体重的压力负荷,长此以往,则会加重膝关节的退变程度和速度。尤其是穿着高跟鞋进行上下楼梯等运动时。”蒋超建议,女士们应该尽可能减少穿高跟鞋的时间。

而一些喜欢运动的青少年,也要养成运动戴护膝的习惯。护膝能有效地保护膝关节。不过,蒋超提醒,在不运动时,青少年则必须取下护膝,因为长时间戴护膝会减少膝关节自我锻炼和加固的可能,尤其是在青少年生长发育过程中,这样会削弱膝关节周围肌肉和韧带的力量,反而不利于膝关节周围肌肉和韧带的发育。

“最后,还需要特别强调的是,体重超标容易让膝关节受累,所以想保护好膝关节,一定不能超重。”蒋超说。

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    2017-06-18 日月生辉

    提前预防,避免出现!

    0

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    2017-06-07 戒馋,懒,贪

    了解

    0

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    2017-05-31 糖糖1110

    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212417, encodeId=7e8b21241e9b, content=提前预防,避免出现!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib260FNcic8ThYQJjaU2fLIb1yNqibkbdJs7gVIDr9xJyYeiapArSMjn3W61bPJtpIazSdAxRaFEOKYgfQjX4achN2d/0, createdBy=68472058812, createdName=日月生辉, createdTime=Sun Jun 18 19:52:30 CST 2017, time=2017-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207604, encodeId=767720e604bc, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jun 07 08:22:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=204853, encodeId=c138204853cf, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKLHahdVGA0zt2pcAPVRGYgX7xxSdbCyVJIS81d0akb2uCVJS6icq0Urc4s9DlJTviazj2jxtwNgKLw/132, createdBy=48281971445, createdName=糖糖1110, createdTime=Wed May 31 16:44:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203331, encodeId=aeaa2033315d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKLHahdVGA0zt2pcAPVRGYgX7xxSdbCyVJIS81d0akb2uCVJS6icq0Urc4s9DlJTviazj2jxtwNgKLw/132, createdBy=48281971445, createdName=糖糖1110, createdTime=Sat May 27 22:59:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202867, encodeId=e26b20286e9d, content=学习了谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Fri May 26 17:43:20 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202853, encodeId=cee62028535d, content=好好保护, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri May 26 16:42:47 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202840, encodeId=7cb9202840e0, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Fri May 26 16:07:31 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202834, encodeId=d8e620283414, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Fri May 26 15:58:34 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-27 糖糖1110

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212417, encodeId=7e8b21241e9b, content=提前预防,避免出现!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib260FNcic8ThYQJjaU2fLIb1yNqibkbdJs7gVIDr9xJyYeiapArSMjn3W61bPJtpIazSdAxRaFEOKYgfQjX4achN2d/0, createdBy=68472058812, createdName=日月生辉, createdTime=Sun Jun 18 19:52:30 CST 2017, time=2017-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207604, encodeId=767720e604bc, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jun 07 08:22:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=204853, encodeId=c138204853cf, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKLHahdVGA0zt2pcAPVRGYgX7xxSdbCyVJIS81d0akb2uCVJS6icq0Urc4s9DlJTviazj2jxtwNgKLw/132, createdBy=48281971445, createdName=糖糖1110, createdTime=Wed May 31 16:44:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203331, encodeId=aeaa2033315d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKLHahdVGA0zt2pcAPVRGYgX7xxSdbCyVJIS81d0akb2uCVJS6icq0Urc4s9DlJTviazj2jxtwNgKLw/132, createdBy=48281971445, createdName=糖糖1110, createdTime=Sat May 27 22:59:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202867, encodeId=e26b20286e9d, content=学习了谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Fri May 26 17:43:20 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202853, encodeId=cee62028535d, content=好好保护, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri May 26 16:42:47 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202840, encodeId=7cb9202840e0, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Fri May 26 16:07:31 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202834, encodeId=d8e620283414, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Fri May 26 15:58:34 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-26 184****9840

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212417, encodeId=7e8b21241e9b, content=提前预防,避免出现!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib260FNcic8ThYQJjaU2fLIb1yNqibkbdJs7gVIDr9xJyYeiapArSMjn3W61bPJtpIazSdAxRaFEOKYgfQjX4achN2d/0, createdBy=68472058812, createdName=日月生辉, createdTime=Sun Jun 18 19:52:30 CST 2017, time=2017-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207604, encodeId=767720e604bc, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jun 07 08:22:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=204853, encodeId=c138204853cf, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKLHahdVGA0zt2pcAPVRGYgX7xxSdbCyVJIS81d0akb2uCVJS6icq0Urc4s9DlJTviazj2jxtwNgKLw/132, createdBy=48281971445, createdName=糖糖1110, createdTime=Wed May 31 16:44:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203331, encodeId=aeaa2033315d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKLHahdVGA0zt2pcAPVRGYgX7xxSdbCyVJIS81d0akb2uCVJS6icq0Urc4s9DlJTviazj2jxtwNgKLw/132, createdBy=48281971445, createdName=糖糖1110, createdTime=Sat May 27 22:59:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202867, encodeId=e26b20286e9d, content=学习了谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Fri May 26 17:43:20 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202853, encodeId=cee62028535d, content=好好保护, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri May 26 16:42:47 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202840, encodeId=7cb9202840e0, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Fri May 26 16:07:31 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202834, encodeId=d8e620283414, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Fri May 26 15:58:34 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-26 Y—xianghai

    好好保护

    0

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    2017-05-26 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-05-26 wxl882001

    学习一下

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