Diabetes Care:有这一情况的妇女,更加要注意饮食和运动!

2022-03-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是孕期常见的并发症,而且近年来发病有升高趋势。

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是孕期常见的并发症,而且近年来发病有升高趋势。GDM与孕期并发症的增加有关,也对母婴双方的长期代谢风险有着深远影响。然而,由于血糖耐受异常的现象通常会在产后恢复正常,目前大多指南对临床管理的建议主要针对孕期和分娩期间的短期风险。

去年发表在Lancet子刊《柳叶刀-糖尿病及内分泌学》杂志上的观点文章就提示,有GDM病史的女性一生中患2型糖尿病的风险可能比其他女性高出20倍。更可怕的是,这些女性往往还会伴随一系列的心血管疾病风险,包括肥胖(BMI≥30)、高血压、血脂异常甚至缺血性心脏病等。 此外,GDM还可导致各种严重的围产期并发症,包括大头症、胎死腹中、肩周炎、产伤、先天性畸形、新生儿低血糖、高胆红素血症。

近期,来自哈佛医学院的专家在一个大型纵向女性队列中,根据GDM病史,研究了生活方式因素与中年体重变化的关系,结果发表在Diabetes Care杂志上。

在护士健康研究II中,研究人员对4年内生活方式的变化进行了分类,并根据GDM病史状况估计了它们与40岁以后女性体重(公斤)同期变化的关系(N=54062;5.3%有GDM病史),内容包括:饮食质量(交替健康饮食指数[AHEI])、业余时间体力活动(PA)、酒精消费和吸烟状况。

结果显示,在13年的中位随访中,有和没有GDM史的妇女4年的平均体重增长分别为1.10和1.33公斤。饮食质量改善的妇女4年的体重变化是有利的,特别是那些有GDM病史的妇女(AHEI变化[95% CI]从低到高分别为-2.97公斤[-4.34, -1.60] vs. GDM与非GDM的-1.19公斤[-1.41, -0.96] ;P异质性= 0.04)。

仅对GDM妇女来说,增加PA与体重维持有关(GDM与非GDM的PA从低到高分别增加0.26公斤[-0.25, 0.77]与0.90公斤[0.80, 1.01];P异质性=0.02)。对于GDM和非GDM妇女来说,体重变化与饮酒量的变化没有明显的差别,而戒烟的妇女体重明显增加(GDM为4.38公斤,非GDM为3.85公斤)。

由此可见,饮食质量和体力活动的改善与中年女性体重增加较少有关,而且这种改善对体重管理的好处在有GDM史的女性中特别明显。

 

参考文献:

Lifestyle Changes and Long-term Weight Gain in Women With and Without a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study of 54,062 Women in the Nurses’ Health Study II

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    2022-03-09 我是个小太阳

    很好

    0

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    2022-03-09 147c3b86m51暂无昵称

    饮食质量和体力活动的改善与中年女性体重增加较少有关,而且这种改善对体重管理的好处在有GDM史的女性中特别明显

    0

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