JACC:老年人群他汀一级预防要点

2018-01-06 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

近日,JACC发表一篇最新综述文章,概述了老年人群应用他汀类药物行一级预防的八大要点,总结如下。

近日,JACC发表一篇最新综述文章,概述了老年人群应用他汀类药物行一级预防的八大要点,总结如下。

❶2013年以来,北美及欧洲共计发布5项有关他汀用于一级预防的指南,但有关他汀类药物在年龄>65岁的老年人群中的应用推荐存在显著差异。导致上述差异的原因在一定程度上与指南更新发布的年份不同有关。

❷目前,全球年龄≥65岁的老年人口比例及数量不断增加,65岁老年人的预期寿命较长。到2030年,预计美国致动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患病率将增加43%,患者数量约增加500万,相关成本约增加700亿美元。

❸各指南均推荐包括糖尿病患者在内的心血管高危人群及十年估计心血管风险较高的患者行他汀治疗,但评估心血管风险的终点不同(有的采用主要心血管事件,有的仅采用致死性ASCVD)。

❹不同指南有关起始他汀治疗的人群年龄、LDL-C水平及心血管风险的推荐存在差异。ACC/AHA指南推荐十年风险≥7.5%的40~75岁人群,若LDL-C水平处于70~189 mg/dl应行他汀治疗;英国NICE指南推荐十年风险≥10%的30~84岁人群,无论LDL-C水平如何均行高强度他汀治疗;欧洲ESC/EAS指南虽未做明确推荐,但认为60岁以上人群(即使十年致死性心血管疾病风险>10%)不能不加批判地起始他汀治疗,但若同时伴有四种危险因素可考虑行他汀治疗。

❺相比之下,他汀类药物在65岁(男性)/71岁(女性)达到ACC/AHA 7.5%风险阈值或65岁(男)/68(女)达到英国NICE-UK指南10%QRISK2风险阈值的具有风险因素的老年人群中的应用指征更为明确。

❻有充分证据表明,老年人群可从他汀治疗中得到很大获益。ASCVD低危及高危人群,他汀治疗降低相对风险的作用相似,降低绝对风险的作用则取决于基线ASCVD风险。老年人群,尽管他汀治疗的相对获益较小,但绝对获益更高,因为老年人群的CVD事件风险更高。

❼75岁以上老年人群起始应用他汀行一级预防,目前无直接随机对照临床试验证据。他汀一级预防在年龄≤75岁人群中的疗效及安全性数据,外推应用于年龄>75岁人群应谨慎。

❽他汀用于一级预防的主要目的是实现净获益。他汀的潜在危害是影响治疗决策的重要因素。鉴于衰弱、合并症及多重用药可能增加他汀类药物不良反应相关风险,对存在上述情况的老年人群,从“风险-获益”平衡的角度方面可能不支持他汀治疗。


原始出处:
Martin Bødtker Mortensen and Erling Falk. Primary Prevention With Statins in the Elderly. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Jan 2018.

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    2018-08-24 hbwxf
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    2018-01-07 了恒

    学习了

    0

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    2018-01-06 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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