Cell:北大杜鹏教授通过改造植物,化身为广谱抗肿瘤反应

2022-05-27 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

试想一下,如果吃点植物,就能抗肿瘤(不一定是中药),或者将来将中药改造一下,强化其中某些成分,就变成抗肿瘤作用。另外,有很多研究已证实,植物中的miRNA能进入人体内产生生物学效应,因此,也许通过改造

试想一下,如果吃点植物,就能抗肿瘤(不一定是中药),或者将来将中药改造一下,强化其中某些成分,就变成抗肿瘤作用。另外,有很多研究已证实,植物中的miRNA能进入人体内产生生物学效应,早在2012年南京大学生命科学院张辰宇教授的一篇“令人惊讶”的文章:Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA。该研究发现食物中的外源植物miRNA可以调控哺乳动物靶基因的表达。虽然当时一片质疑,后来越来越多的研究证实了跨物种调控的可能。因此,也许通过改造植物,成为治疗的利器。事实上,这是近年来被称为跨物种生物工程。

2021年贾桂芳/何川/宋宝安团队合作发现在水稻和马铃薯中表达动物中的一个肥胖基因FTO可以显著提高产量(Nature Biotechnology, 2021),是不是很奇特?在过去,将北极的鱼类的抗冻蛋白表达在植物身上,也会有很多神奇的反应。甚至人类的发展史,也与病毒有关,人类基因组中也不断发现有病毒整合的痕迹。

最近北京大学杜鹏课题组在Cell杂志在线发表了题为 A plant immune protein enables broad antitumor response by rescuing microRNA deficiency 的研究论文,在癌症细胞系中通过异位表达植物蛋白RDR1实现了广谱抗肿瘤反应,展现了植物蛋白在动物细胞的中重要功能。

在人体,许多miRNA都可以直接靶向并抑制细胞周期基因,从而直接控制细胞增殖。因此,能否通过修复肿瘤中有缺陷的miRNA通路从而实现对于肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制,是一种可能途径。与miRNA不同,siRNA来源于不同RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶 (RDR) 合成的双链 RNA底物。有趣的是,RDR1几乎在所有真核生物中都已被发现,但在进化过程中,其在具有次级免疫系统的脊椎动物中丢失。在植物中,依赖RDR1的siRNA尤其参与抗病毒免疫反应,是植物特有的、最核心的分子免疫反应通路之一。如果让植物表达RDR1会是什么样的结果?

研究人员首先发现RDR1蛋白能广谱抑制癌细胞的增殖,主要是靶向细胞周期。进一步发现在不同的人类原发性癌症样本和癌症细胞系中,不能有效结合AGO2复合体的3’末端短1-nt的miRNA异构体广泛积累。异位表达的植物免疫蛋白RDR1通过其单核苷酸加尾修饰这些AGO2游离出的miRNA双链异构体,以重新激活有缺陷的miRNA通路,从而特异性阻断实体瘤和白血病中癌细胞的细胞周期。

图片

研究人员通过给1-nt悬垂的miRNA双链加尾后的重新结合,1-nt/2-nt外源miR-34c双链的体外转染等实验和分析,共同证明了RDR1拥有核苷酸转移酶活性,能够对AGO2中游离出的短1-nt的miRNA双链异构体进行单核苷酸修饰,以恢复这些异构体对AGO2的装载效率,并最终修复癌症中有缺陷的miRNA通路。

在A549,H1299和PC-3细胞所成的荷瘤中,植物RDR1能够显著提高癌细胞中miRNA的表达,从而抑制了癌细胞的细胞周期。

研究者发现RDR1在体内白血病小鼠模型中的抗肿瘤作用。与载体对照或突变的RDR1相比,野生型RDR1能够显著抑制三种白血病细胞系(Jurkat、K562和NALM6)在免疫缺陷小鼠外周血中的增殖,并最终延长异种移植小鼠的寿命。同样,RDR1可以在体内显著增加白血病细胞中的miRNA表达以抑制白血病细胞中的关键细胞周期组分,包括CDK1、CCNE2、PLK1、CDK6等,从而抑制细胞周期。

图片

原始出处:

A plant immune protein enables broad antitumor response by rescuing microRNA deficiency.https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00528-1

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    2023-04-06 维他命
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    2023-01-16 xuyong535
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    2022-05-27 yangchou

    好文章,谢谢分享。

    0

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心血管功能障碍是长期癌症治疗的最常见并发症之一。越来越多的证据表明,抗肿瘤药会增加癌症治疗期间的心血管风险,严重影响患者的生存。但是,关于与抗肿瘤药的心血管风险相关的遗传因素知之甚少。

Nat Neurosci:老药新用!抗肿瘤药或可治疗自闭症

目前药物治疗尚无法改变自闭症的病程,也缺乏治疗核心症状的特异性药物,现有药物只能改善患者的一些情绪和行为症状。近日,发表在《Nature Neuroscience》杂志上的一篇文章称,一种抗肿瘤药物或适用于逆转与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)相关的社会缺陷。

卫健委部署抗肿瘤药临床监测:全国已使用谈判抗癌药62万盒

1月21日,国家卫生健康委召开全国电视电话会议,部署抗肿瘤药物临床应用监测工作。国家卫生健康委副主任王贺胜同志出席会议并讲话。王贺胜总结了我国肿瘤防治工作取得的积极成效,分析了当前面临的挑战,对进一步做好肿瘤用药管理提出了明确要求。王贺胜指出,党中央、国务院高度重视肿瘤防治工作,特别是2018年以来采取了一系列重大举措,降低癌症患者药费负担。国家卫生健康委积极推动17种国家医保谈判抗癌药进医院工作