治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的新药Eteplirsen获FDA批准

2016-09-26 佚名 生物谷

日前,美国FDA批准了首个治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的药物,相关试验数据主要来自于对12名男孩儿的研究结果。FDA与9月19日宣布了这一决定,在经过了一年多的考虑和争论后,随着FDA不断地去平衡病人巨大的需要和临床资料的不足,如今他们终于批准了这种名为eteplirsen的药物进行广泛的临床试验。 病人的倡导者对这项决定表示非常高兴,很多人都非常想使用药物eteplirsen,该药

日前,美国FDA批准了首个治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的药物,相关试验数据主要来自于对12名男孩儿的研究结果。FDA与9月19日宣布了这一决定,在经过了一年多的考虑和争论后,随着FDA不断地去平衡病人巨大的需要和临床资料的不足,如今他们终于批准了这种名为eteplirsen的药物进行广泛的临床试验。

病人的倡导者对这项决定表示非常高兴,很多人都非常想使用药物eteplirsen,该药物是由位于马萨诸塞州剑桥市的Sarepta Therapeutics公司制造的,非盈利组织CureDuchenne的负责人Debra Miller表示,我们等待治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的药物已经很长很长时间了,药物eteplirsen的问世给很多家庭带来了希望。

然而有些人担心临床数据的缺乏会给人们带来虚假的希望,药物eteplirsen新药申请(NDA)的批准同时也点燃了一场不寻常的斗争,这场斗争已经达到了FDA高层的水平,同时也产生了一场广泛的争论,即研究者们需要多少数据才能够证明药物可以治疗罕见疾病,以及病人倡导者应该批准决定多少影响?

FDA药品评价与研究中心的主任Ellis Unger表示,以目前的形式进行新药申请的批准或许会对公众健康带来深远的负面影响,而先例则会在没有大量有效证据的时候对批准药物的使用。

残酷的下降

杜氏肌营养不良症是由肌营养不良蛋白得突变所引发的,肌营养不良蛋白能够保护肌肉细胞免于重复收缩和舒张产生的压力,Sarepta公司的行政总裁Edward Kaye将肌营养不良蛋白比喻为一种减震器,他说道,如果你没有这种“减震器”的话,细胞就会逐渐退化并且死亡,当然结果往往是残酷的。

杜氏肌营养不良症是一种和性别相关的疾病,在每3600名男孩儿中该疾病会影响1名儿童的健康,而且在儿童5岁之前肌无力的症状就会明显发生,许多患者往往会在其30岁之前因呼吸衰竭而死亡。Sarepta公司开发的药物试图推迟携带肌营养不良蛋白基因exon 51突变的患者机体的症状表现,大约13%的杜氏肌营养不良症患者都携带有这种基因,该基因的突变通常会过早地抑制肌营养不良蛋白的产生;药物eteplirsen能够结合肌营养不良蛋白基因最初产生的信使RNA并且“遮盖住”exon 51以便其不会被细胞中的蛋白机器所“读取”,此时,细胞蛋白机器就会跳过exon 51基因并继续对其它的蛋白进行读取,从而就会产生比正常产物短的蛋白质产物,但相比原始突变状态的产物而言其却具有正常的功能。

截至目前为止,Sarepta公司已经在大约150名患者身上进行了新药eteplirsen的检测,但FDA用于评估该药物功效的关键试验仅招募了12人,研究者对试验进行这样设计以便对照组中的患者在整个临床试验中并不能维持安慰剂的治疗,但在24周后他们转向eteplirsen进行治疗,研究者表示,并没有人想一直进行安慰剂治疗,而一个特殊的问题就是能够适合进行试验的病人的数量非常之少。

早在今年4月份,FDA的顾问在一项会议上听取了相关的科学报告,其中包括FDA分析员的一篇具有高度批判性的评论,同时FDA的顾问还听取了杜氏肌营养不良症患者及其倡导者充满激情的证词,他们表示,目前还没有充足的证据表明,新药eteplirsen是一种治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的有效疗法。

从头开始

随后FDA要求Sarepta公司提供更多的临床证据来揭示在临床试验中患者机体肌营养不良蛋白表达恢复的水平和程度,当拿到了这些数据后,FDA同意对该药物进行加速审批,基于此,Sarepta公司同时又进行了另一项临床试验来证实药物eteplirsen的确能够有效减缓杜氏肌营养不良症。

但Ellis Unger表示,在FDA收到额外附加的研究数据之后,FDA内部的分歧依然会存在,他指出,12名患者中仅有1人机体中的肌营养不良蛋白的表达增加了超过1%,而且目前我们并不确定是否该药物能够带来任何临床效益。FDA药物评价与研究中心主任Janet Woodcock认为,药物eteplirsen应当获批,她认为,虽然身处职权范围之内,但我们也要灵活应变,由于缺少可用的治疗方法,而且杜氏肌营养不良症是一种折磨儿童健康的致死性疾病,如今关于该药物的分歧已经被FDA委员Robert Califf调解了,Robert Califf支持Woodcock的看法,但同时他又承认FDA关于药物eteplirsen是否获批的困难决定。

Eteplirsen将会是在美国批准的首个用于治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的药物,另外一种名为ataluren的药物目前在一部分欧洲国家是可用的,但在今年2月份该药物的审批已经被FDA拒绝。如今Sarepta公司正在通过研究来对eteplirsen进行改良,其中还包括有效改善药物的形式,使其能够有效渗入肌细胞并且产生较高浓度的肌营养不良蛋白。

与此同时,来自麻省总医院儿科神经肌肉服务中心的主任Fawn Leigh表示,FDA所要求的另一项临床试验被证明是合理的,研究者Fawn Leigh一直在从事eteplirsen的临床试验,他指出,在仅招募了12名研究对象的情况下我们感到进行临床试验非常困难,而且截止到目前为止这种情况还是非常少见的,但如今我们每个人都很受鼓舞,后期我们还将继续深入探究新药eteplirsen的作用机理以及后期的临床疗效。

参考资料:

【1】Regulators adopt more orphan drugs

【2】Pharma scrambles to fast-track drugs

【3】Puppy bred to have muscular dystrophy saved by surprise mutation

【4】US government approves controversial drug for muscular dystrophy

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1737036, encodeId=d54c1e37036ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ee1810e0ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌营养不良#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81070, encryptionId=6ee1810e0ad, topicName=肌营养不良)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd6034244098, createdName=751943081_32627960, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 11:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2007042, encodeId=5f9a200e04216, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21fe810e29d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌营养不良症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81072, encryptionId=21fe810e29d, topicName=肌营养不良症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f7482500171, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Thu Aug 24 21:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1839463, encodeId=1571183946304, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=341ae311ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#FDA批准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7311, encryptionId=341ae311ea, topicName=FDA批准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=bugit, createdTime=Sun May 07 23:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137433, encodeId=42bd13e433bd, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:58:27 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137432, encodeId=6a8313e43207, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:58:20 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0