Arch Dis Child:利用超声技术可准确诊断儿童手骨骨折

2014-07-16 Elizabeth(编译) 睿医资讯

意大利学者报告,超声诊断手骨骨折在儿科患者中的准确率高于90%。超声检查是体格检查以外有效的手骨折诊断方法,该项检查可用于快速评估,超声检查结果为阳性时才需使用X线检查。 超声检查可在避免电离辐射暴露的情况下对骨皮质进行高分辨率的评估,多项研究已指出,接受过充分培训的急诊医师可通过超声快速诊断儿童骨折。 Dr. Rabach及其同事通过一项在204例儿科手创伤患者中进行的横断面研究评估了熟

意大利学者报告,超声诊断手骨骨折在儿科患者中的准确率高于90%。超声检查是体格检查以外有效的手骨折诊断方法,该项检查可用于快速评估,超声检查结果为阳性时才需使用X线检查。

超声检查可在避免电离辐射暴露的情况下对骨皮质进行高分辨率的评估,多项研究已指出,接受过充分培训的急诊医师可通过超声快速诊断儿童骨折。

Dr. Rabach及其同事通过一项在204例儿科手创伤患者中进行的横断面研究评估了熟练的放射科医师使用超声检查诊断手骨(掌骨和指骨)骨折的准确度并与X线检查进行比较。相关结果发表于6月20日的《儿童期疾病文献(Archives of Disease in Childhood)》中。

标准的放射学检查显示79例患者(38.7%)发生骨折。使用放射学检查复查超声检查结果后可知,与放射检查相比,超声检查诊断骨折的敏感度为91.7%、特异性为97.6%,阳性预测值为96.0%,阴性预测值为94.6%。

在由急诊医师进行超声检查时,结果类似:敏感度91.5%、特异度96.8%,阳性预测值94.7%、阴性预测值94.8%。

研究者表示,根据经验来说,超声检查耗时短(约3分钟)且安全无害,不会对患儿造成张力或压力。水浴技术的应用可最大程度地可视化深层的组织,同时水可减轻疼痛并形成交界面以避免探头与受伤手部的直接接触。

对于所有体检结果未充分证实为骨折且超声检查结果为阴性的病例而言,X线检查均可避免。而在超声检查发现骨折的患儿中,骨科医师要求必须行X线检查以指导治疗。

研究者表示,在经过短期培训后,急诊医师应能进行急诊超声检查,这可使患者无需转诊。

但X线检查仍是评估儿童手骨折的标准护理手段,因为本项研究中,超声检查漏诊了一些骨折病例。然而,超声检查或许能成为的急诊科中手骨折的有效筛查工具,或在无X线检查条件的地方发挥作用。

原始出处:


Neri E1, Barbi E1, Rabach I1, Zanchi C1, Norbedo S1, Ronfani L1, Guastalla V2, Ventura A3, Guastalla P1.Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for hand bony fractures in paediatric patients.Arch Dis Child. 2014 Jun 20. pii: archdischild-2013-305678. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305678. 

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