NEJM:Ponatinib可有效治疗费城染色体阳性白血病

2013-11-18 佚名 丁香园

Ponatinib是一种备受瞩目的口服酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,可用于BCR-ABL基因突变或未突变患者,包括酪氨酸激酶抑制剂难治性BCR-ABL基因315(T315I)苏氨酸-异亮氨酸突变型患者。美国德克萨斯大学白血病研究室的Cortes博士等研究者开展了一项ponatinib用于慢性髓性白血病(CML)或费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph-positive ALL)治疗

Ponatinib是一种备受瞩目的口服酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,可用于BCR-ABL基因突变或未突变患者,包括酪氨酸激酶抑制剂难治性BCR-ABL基因315(T315I)苏氨酸-异亮氨酸突变型患者。美国德克萨斯大学白血病研究室的Cortes博士等研究者开展了一项ponatinib用于慢性髓性白血病(CML)或费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph-positive ALL)治疗的2期试验。论文发表于国际权威杂志NEJM 2013年11月份最新一期的在线版。

研究者共纳入了449例经多次既往治疗的达沙替尼或尼罗替尼抵抗或有不可接受的毒副作用、或者携带BCR-ABL T315I突变的CML或费城染色体阳性ALL患者。给予Ponatinib的初始剂量为每天45 mg。中位随访期为15个月。

结果发现,267例慢性期CML患者中有56%出现主要的细胞遗传学反应(51%的达沙替尼或尼罗替尼抵抗性或出现不可接受的副作用的患者,以及70%的T315I突变型患者),有46%的患者出现完全细胞遗传学反应(上述两亚组患者中分别有40%和66%),34%的患者出现主要分子学反应(上述两亚组患者中分别有27%和56%)。试验所观察到的反应与BCR-ABL激酶域突变状态和持续时间无关;研究者估计,持续出现主要细胞遗传学反应至少12个月的患者大约为91%。

研究未检测到单一位点的BCR-ABL基因突变与ponatinib抵抗相关。在83例加速期CML患者中有55%出现主要的血液学反应,有39%出现主要细胞遗传学反应。62例急变期CML患者中,有31%出现主要血液学反应,23%出现主要细胞遗传学反应。在32例费城染色体阳性ALL患者中,有41%出现主要血液学反应,有47%出现主要细胞遗传学反应。研究发现,常见不良反应事件为血小板减少、皮疹、皮肤干燥、腹疼。研究者在9%的患者中发现严重性动脉血栓事件,其中大约有3%被认为是治疗所引起。共有12%的患者因不良反应事件而终止治疗。

研究得出如下结论:Ponatinib对各个阶段和各突变状态的白血病都表现出显著的抵抗活性。

研究背景:

新诊慢性髓性白血病(CML)患者常常接受伊马替尼治疗。虽然伊马替尼初始反应率高,但最终有高达40%的患者会因疾病抵抗性而治疗失败,究其原因,往往是BCR-ABL激酶域突变或毒副作用不可接受。

中止使用伊马替尼的患者可能还会对第二代酪氨酸激酶抑制剂产生应答。然而仍然有37%到52%的患者无反应,有23%到26%的患者会产生初始细胞遗传学反应,但在两年内反应消失。这些患者预后极差。只有少数择期异基因干细胞移植患者是例外,患者可能会死于白血病。

Ponatinib是一种被寄予厚望的口服酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,对于突变型和非突变型BCR-ABL都能产生活性,包括315 (T315I)位点苏氨酸-异亮氨酸突变者,这类患者大约占酪氨酸激酶抑制剂抵抗患者的20%,与所有其他已经证实的BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶抑制剂抵抗性的产生相关。临床前试验发现,40 nM 剂量的ponatinib可抑制任何单一位点突变效应的出现(每日剂量≥30 mg)。

1期临床研究显示,对于既往酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗产生抵抗或出现不可接受毒副作用的费城染色体阳性患者人群,ponatinib表现出强烈的抗白血病效应。本文作者报告了对于达沙替尼或尼洛替尼治疗产生抵抗或不可接受毒副作用的、T315I突变的慢性期CML、加速期CML、急变期CML、费城染色体阳性ALL患者人群使用ponatinib的临床试验结果。

原文出处:

J.E. Cortes, D.-W. Kim, J. Pinilla-Ibarz, P. le Coutre, R. Paquette, C. Chuah, F.E. Nicolini, J.F. Apperley, H.J. Khoury, M. Talpaz, J. DiPersio, D.J. DeAngelo, E. Abruzzese, D. Rea, M. Baccarani, M.C. Müller, C. Gambacorti-Passerini, S. Wong, S. Lustgarten, V.M. Rivera, T. Clackson, C.D. Turner, F.G. Haluska, F. Guilhot, M.W. Deininger, A. Hochhaus, T. Hughes, J.M. Goldman, N.P. Shah, and H. Kantarjian for the PACE Investigators.A Phase 2 Trial of Ponatinib in Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Leukemias.N Engl J Med 2013; 369:1783-1796November 7, 2013DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306494

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    2018-01-23 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

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    2014-09-20 liye789132251
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