Ann Am Thorac Soc:急性肺栓塞患者常规进行经胸超声心动图检查无益

2018-01-23 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

目前,有些指南推荐血液动力学稳定的急性肺栓塞患者常规进行经胸超声心动图、心脏生物标志物或CT检查,以评估右心室应力。

目前,有些指南推荐血液动力学稳定的急性肺栓塞患者常规进行经胸超声心动图、心脏生物标志物或CT检查,以评估右心室应力。

然而,近期美国波士顿大学医学院的一项研究表明,血液动力学稳定的急性肺栓塞患者进行经胸超声心动图检查,并不会改善住院期间生存率,反而徒增医疗费用,浪费医疗资源。

作者表示,在价值医疗(value-based care)时代,越来越需要确定和减少不必要的医学检查。急性肺栓塞患者常规进行经胸超声心动图检查可能对于医疗资源的利用有负面影响。

该研究结果与美国胸科医师学会(ACCP)的静脉血栓栓塞处理指南中的推荐一致,后者建议血液动力学稳定的急性肺栓塞患者先进行危险分层,然后有选择性地进行经胸超声心动图检查。

对于怀疑急性肺栓塞的患者,2015年中国急性肺栓塞诊断与治疗指南建议采取“三步走”策略,首先进行临床可能性评估,再进行初始危险分层,然后逐级选择检查手段以明确诊断。对于血液动力学稳定的可疑急性肺栓塞患者,也不建议进行超声心动图检查,高危患者建议CT肺动脉造影,中低危患者先查D二聚体,如阳性再行CT肺动脉造影。

该研究中,在美国不同医院,血液动力学稳定的急性肺栓塞患者中经胸超声心动图应用率存在明显差异,范围从0至89%,平均为41.4%。

分析显示,不同医院经胸超声心动图检查的应用率与这些医院死亡率和溶栓药物应用率之间的明显差异无关联。

然而,在经胸超声心动图应用率最高的那些医院,患者入住重症监护室的风险增加57%,住院时间延长的可能性增加8%,医疗费用增加15%。接受经胸超声心动图的患者接受溶栓治疗的可能性增加4.58倍,出血风险增加37%。

研究人员回顾性分析了2008-2011年美国363家医院的64 037例患者资料。患者的平均年龄为62岁,54%为女性。

原始出处:
David M Cohen , Michael Winter , Peter K Lindenauer, et al. Echocardiogram in the Evaluation of Hemodynamically Stable Acute Pulmonary Embolism: National Practices and Clinical Outcomes. Ann Am Thorac Soc. Jan 2018.

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    2018-06-23 yyj062
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必备技能|急性肺栓塞的快速处理

急诊夜班,一位中年病人主诉胸闷及头晕血压下降,不伴有胸痛。心电图也没有支持急性冠脉综合征的证据。给予对症处理,患者症状改善不明显,血浆 D二聚体的结果让我们高度怀疑肺血管栓塞,在胸部 CTPA 证实了临床的推测后,给予了紧急溶栓患者获救。急性肺栓塞临床征象1. 临床表现为休克、低血压(收缩压 < 90 mmHg,或血压下降超过 40 mmHg 持续 15 min)、晕厥等2. 右室功能不全征