让安倍晋三辞职的溃疡性结肠炎,是“不治之症”吗?

2020-09-06 39健康网 39健康网

日本首相安倍晋三宣布因溃疡性结肠炎复发,决定辞去首相一职。安倍晋三17岁患上溃疡性结肠炎,至今近50年也没有治好。

近日,日本首相安倍晋三宣布因溃疡性结肠炎复发,决定辞去首相一职。安倍晋三17岁患上溃疡性结肠炎,至今近50年也没有治好。

究竟溃疡性结肠炎是不是“不治之症”呢?中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院消化内科王凌云教授介绍,溃疡性结肠炎虽然是慢性疾病,病程较长,但并不是洪水猛兽,只要严格听从专科医生的指导,规律用药、定期随访,大部分病人的预后良好。

溃疡性结肠炎难确诊,常与这些疾病混淆

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC),是一种病因未明的肠道慢性炎症性疾病,推测其发病与环境、遗传、肠道微生态及免疫失衡等多个因素有关。患者常常有持续或反复发作的腹泻、腹痛及粘液脓血便,部分病人可出现严重贫血、低白蛋白血症、消瘦、发热等全身症状,另外也可能会有外周关节炎、口腔复发性口腔溃疡等肠外表现。

王凌云教授介绍,溃疡性结肠炎的诊断没有金标准,往往需要全身和局部全面的血液学检查、影像学检查(CT/MR)、内镜学检查(胃镜、肠镜、胶囊内镜)、病理学检查、微生物学检查等,通过结合反复发作或者持续的腹泻、腹痛、粘液脓血便等症状,典型的内镜表现及病理等综合判断,排除感染性肠炎、克罗恩病、缺血性肠病、放射性肠炎、大肠癌等可出现类似临床表现的其他疾病方可诊断,甚至有时经过全面细致深入的检查仍不能确诊,需要经过较长时间的随访观察才能够确诊。

不注意健康饮食,可能引来溃疡性结肠炎

溃疡性结肠炎好发于欧洲、北美等西方发达国家,之前在我国发病率较低,属于比较少见的疾病。但随着饮食、生活习惯及环境的变化,溃疡性结肠炎在亚洲乃至我国的发病率逐年升高,已成为消化系统疾病中的常见病。国内有限的流行病学资料显示,不同地区的溃疡性结肠炎的发病率也存在很大差异,其发病率与地区的经济发展水平呈正相关。

王凌云教授介绍,我国现有数据显示,该病发病高峰年龄为 20~49岁,亦可见于儿童或者老年人,性别差异不明显。在西方国家,有研究指出动物蛋白、亚油酸、糖、脂肪、酒精的过多摄入会增加溃疡性结肠炎的风险和复发。饮食纤维的摄入减少、加工食物和饱和脂肪酸的摄入增加认为与溃疡性结肠炎有关,相反,增加蔬菜、水果和高纤维饮食可以降低溃疡性结肠炎的风险和进展。此外,气温变化、负面情绪(抑郁、消极)可能也与溃疡性结肠炎的复发有关。低强度的有氧运动可以改善缓解期患者的肠道炎症反应,减少复发。

溃疡性结肠炎患者常出现营养不良,不利于病情缓解,且溃疡性结肠炎的发生与饮食关系密切,因此,患者应该高度重视日常饮食。建议食用低脂肪、高膳食纤维、高维生素、适量优质蛋白饮食,避免海产品、奶制品、人参及鹿茸等补品以及刺激性大、难消化的食物。

病程超过20年,结肠癌风险增加10-15倍!

王凌云教授表示,溃疡性结肠炎是一种慢性疾病,大部分病人反复发作,需要长期服药维持病情缓解,不合适的饮食、感染、不良情绪等可能导致疾病复发或者加重,轻度及长期缓解者预后较好。溃疡性结肠炎首选内科治疗,对于内科治疗无效、或出现严重并发症如大出血、肠穿孔、中毒性巨结肠,或癌变的患者需要手术治疗。在控制急性病情后,医师会根据患者的具体情况调整方案来维持缓解,维持治疗的疗程根据患者的具体病情决定,一般不少于4年。

从病变范围来看,广泛结肠型溃疡性结肠炎癌变风险最高,其次是左半结肠型;从发病时间及病程长短来看,发病时间早(发病年龄<20岁)、病程较长(超过8年)的患者癌变危险性明显增高。有数据显示病程超过20年的患者发生结肠癌的风险较正常人增加10-15倍,因此建议8-10年的广泛结肠炎和病程15年以上的左半结肠炎患者每2年进行一次监测性结肠镜检查。此外,溃疡性结肠炎合并原发性硬化性胆管炎的患者癌变危险性明显增高,而且癌变时间明显提前,对于这类人群更要注意结肠癌的筛查。

得了溃疡性结肠炎,还可以生育吗?

安倍晋三与妻子至今没有生育子女,背后的原因不得而知。而溃疡性结肠炎的好发年龄刚好与生育高峰期重叠,很多患者面临着治疗与生育的矛盾。由于疾病活动期会增加患者不孕率,增加不良妊娠的风险,降低药物安全性,因此不建议患者在病情活动时选择生育。但缓解期的患者生殖能力与正常人群无明显差异,在专科医生指导下可以选择生育。

王凌云教授提醒,MTX(甲氨蝶呤)、沙利度胺有明确致畸作用,计划生育时应避免使用,推荐停药3-6个月后再妊娠。生物制剂方面英夫利昔单抗(IFX)的研究较多,一般认为女性备孕期间使用是安全的。对于意外妊娠者,不建议因为担心药物的副作用而自行停用药物,活动期或者病情加重所导致的妊娠不良事件远多于绝大部分药物本身所致的不良反应,因此建议在专科医生的指导下制定用药方案。

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    2021-06-18 nymo
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    2020-12-08 ms1000000533788578

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    2020-10-18 ms7000002146249570

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    2020-09-07 wenjie
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    2020-09-06 ms5000000552741609

    学习

    0

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    2020-09-06 ms6000000195014091

    学习

    0

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    2020-09-06 yangchou

    难治性疾病很多#学习#

    0

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粪菌移植(FMT),听上去不可思议,但对粪便的利用早已是医学界的热点研究领域。顾名思义,粪菌移植就是把一个人的大便通过肠道输送给另外一个人。

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原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis,psc)是一种病因不明的进展性胆汁淤积性肝病,其特征为胆道系统存在弥漫性炎症和纤维化,最终可导致胆管阻塞。

JCC: 克罗恩病患者和溃疡性结肠炎患者发生肠道腺癌的风险是一致的

克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎都是肠道发生癌症的危险因素,长期的不治疗以及治疗不恰当都会诱发肠癌的发生,而肠癌中最常见的就是结肠腺癌。

AP&T: 高压氧治疗中至重度复发的溃疡性结肠炎患者的疗效分析

高压氧是指在增高的大气压下呼吸100%的纯氧气进行治疗。研究证实人体组织在高压氧治疗中氧合明显增加,可以用于治疗各种炎症,包括UC。

AP&T: 溃疡性结肠炎的内镜愈合对组织学缓解的预测作用

根据最近的临床研究,UC患者的推荐治疗目标是达到是直肠无出血,大便次数正常,内镜下粘膜愈合的多项指标。

IBD: 女性溃疡性结肠炎患者初始手术类型对生育的影响

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种肠道慢性免疫疾病,仅在美国就影响了近100万人,预计这一数字在未来十年内还会上升。大多数患有UC的患者需要终身服药来治疗