Medscape:踝关节治疗策略,POLICE or RICE ?

2014-04-16 佚名 丁香园

POLICE 原则:Protest 保护, Optimal Loading 合理负重, Ice 冰敷, Compression 压迫, Elevation 抬高 RICE 原则:Rest 休息, Ice 冰敷, Compression 压迫, Elevation 抬高 目前对扭伤或拉伤的治疗策略是否错误? 临床上踝关节扭伤或拉伤后需要遵循RICE原则的观念已经根深蒂固,但

POLICE 原则:Protest 保护, Optimal Loading 合理负重, Ice 冰敷, Compression 压迫, Elevation 抬高

RICE 原则:Rest 休息, Ice 冰敷, Compression 压迫, Elevation 抬高



目前对扭伤或拉伤的治疗策略是否错误?

临床上踝关节扭伤或拉伤后需要遵循RICE原则的观念已经根深蒂固,但是美国康复医师协会的发言人Robertson近期提出一个惊人观点:踝关节扭伤或拉伤后RICE治疗策略并不是一个合理的措施,这类患者伤后早期应该尽早开始损伤关节的运动锻炼。

在骨科权威机构,如AAOS及美国运动医学协会等官方网页,和大部分经典教课书中,均将RICE原则作为踝关节扭伤或拉伤后治疗的标准策略。

但是,事实上该原则的确立更多的是建立在猜测而不是实际研究基础上,即使是RICE原则的支持者和美国AAOS协会成员也承认,RICE原则仅是踝关节扭伤或拉伤后急救的推荐措施,而非临床治疗上的处理原则,因此近些年,有学者基于最新的研究证据建立了一套新的处理原则来替代RICE原则。

踝关节扭伤或拉伤可影响成千上万人


踝关节扭伤或拉伤是日常生活中较为常见的,该病自限性,可自愈。文献报道美国每天踝关节损伤的发生数量接近2.8万,但一项美国医学杂志上发表的系统综述发现,仅有35-85%踝关节损伤患者3年内愈合。

基于上述研究结论,近些年踝关节损伤后的治疗开始受到临床医生的重视。2012年在英国运动医学杂志上发表的评论文章强烈建议将目前踝关节损伤治疗的RICE原则替换为POLICE原则

在评论文章中作者建议,踝关节损伤后休息仅限于踝关节损伤初期,休息时间应尽可能短,踝关节长时间无负重对关节存在潜在伤害,并可以导致关节组织生物力学和形态的负性改变。

2013年国家运动教练员协会(NATA)刊登了踝关节扭伤处置第一个官方指南,研究者结合过去6年的文献将踝关节治疗方案由证据等级最好至最差分为A,B,C三级。RICE原则的大部分处置方法评级均为C级,但是遗憾的是目前临床上的大部分医生仍在遵循该原则。

研究证据支持早期活动而不是休息

NATA的研究者发现目前有A级证据支持踝关节损伤I级(牵拉,韧带纤维损伤)、II级(韧带部分撕裂)后的康复功能锻炼。目前并没有踝关节扭伤后即刻负重行走的直接证据,但一些随机对照研究发现踝关节扭伤后数天进行关节活动度锻炼并组建增加负重可以使得患者踝关节扭伤恢复更快,有经验的物理治疗师按摩治疗也可以帮助患者踝关节尽早恢复功能。

对III级踝关节扭伤患者(完全性韧带撕裂),有B级证据支持伤后10天内早期制动,此后开始踝关节运动。但作者同时强调对踝关节胫腓联合损伤或较严重踝关节扭伤的患者更保守的治疗策略是较为恰当的。

平衡锻炼和NSAIDs药物治疗是目前证据A级的治疗措施。通过平衡锻炼可以改善患者的本体感觉,减少后期患者在损伤的概率。NSAIDs类药物治疗踝关节扭伤目前争议较多。Kaminski等人推荐在伤后48小时内不使用NSAIDs类药物,因此药物可能在损伤早期抑制炎症反应的发生从而对后期关节预后产生影响。

但是因为目前RICE原则中“休息rest”策略并没有严格的证据反对,临床上还不能完全将制动策略排除在踝关节治疗原则之外。

对RICE原则的再思考

Kaminski认为冰敷,压迫,抬高患肢在踝关节扭伤治疗中仍有一定作用,但是冰敷可能并没有想象当中那么有效。而压迫和抬高患肢通过减少组织液渗出和下肢血流灌注,理论上可以减轻患肢水肿。患肢肿胀可延缓组织愈合。尽管目前并没有强烈的证据支持上述治疗措施可以从根本上改善踝关节扭伤的临床功能预后,但来自美ACSM协会的主席Stephen也支持减轻水肿可以改善患者肢端愈合的观点。

美国AAOS发言人Barbara认为应用RICE原则可以使患者获益,目前临床证据并不能完全否定RICE原则在处理踝关节扭伤时的作用,但是她同时强调,RICE原则并非医疗处置指南,而仅是针对非医疗人员踝关节扭伤或拉伤后急救的推荐措施。在某些非紧急情况下,非医疗人员可以通过RICE原则对扭伤踝关节自行进行处置。

但是无论是RICE原则的支持者或者反对者,他们均同意每个疾病个体不同,在治疗踝关节扭伤原则上也应当是个体化的。在患者无法获得医疗治疗前按RICE原则进行处置可以对伤后恢复产生积极作用。

Robertson等人强调,RICE原则本身并不存在太大的危险性,但是除此之外治疗踝关节扭伤可能有更好的方案。

原始出处:

Laird Harrison.Should POLICE Replace RICE as the Ankle Therapy of Choice?Medscape April 09, 2014

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    2015-01-16 feather89
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    2015-02-20 smlt2008
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    2014-04-19 katels

    研究不错,对众多患者很有帮助

    0

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    2014-04-18 zhaojie88
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    2014-04-18 qilu_qi
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