Circulation: 冠状动脉钙化重,该吃阿司匹林?冠脉钙化积分优于公式计算风险

2020-04-14 朱朱 中国循环杂志

当前美国心血管病一级预防指南建议,根据汇总队列方程(PCE)计算10年动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险较高、出血风险不高的40~70岁人群,可考虑应用小剂量阿司匹林(75~100 mg/d)

当前美国心血管病一级预防指南建议,根据汇总队列方程(PCE)计算10年动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险较高、出血风险不高的40~70岁人群,可考虑应用小剂量阿司匹林(75~100 mg/d)进行一级预防。

但是,近期发表在Circulation杂志上的一项针对多种族动脉粥样硬化研究(MESA)的最新分析提示,在评估阿司匹林一级预防指征上,冠脉钙化积分(CAC)可能优于PCE计算的10年ASCVD风险。

研究者指出,在遵循当前美国一级预防指南建议的同时,可采用冠脉钙化积分来进一步评估风险,这样可能会使阿司匹林在心血管病一级预防中的应用更个体化、更安全。

研究者将MESA研究中的6470名成年人根据PCE计算的10年ASCVD风险分为三类:<5%、5%~<20%、≥20%,根据冠脉钙化积分分为四类:0分、1~99分、100~399分、≥400分。

根据PCE评估的10年ASCVD风险(≥20%),该队列中仅5%的人符合阿司匹林一级预防指征。

在3540名年龄<70岁、从未服用过阿司匹林、出血风险不高的人中,5年期间预防1例心血管事件需要治疗的人数为476人,而每治疗355人就会出现1例大出血事件。

但是,如果根据冠脉钙化积分,预防1例心血管事件需要治疗的人数明显少于出现1例大出血事件时接受治疗的人数。

例如,在冠脉钙化积分≥100分的人中,预防1例心血管事件需要治疗的人数为140人,而每518名接受治疗的人中才会出现1例大出血事件。在冠脉钙化积分≥400分的人中,预防群里心血管事件需要治疗人数更是少至100人。

但在冠脉钙化积分为0的人中,需要治疗1190人才能预防1例心血管事件,而每治疗567人就会发生1例大出血事件。

历史来源:
Miguel Cainzos-Achirica,et al. Coronary Artery Calcium for Personalized Allocation of Aspirin in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in 2019: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis(MESA). Circulation, Originally published 1 Apr 2020

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