中国脊髓性肌萎缩症呼吸管理专家研讨会成功落幕

2021-12-14 网络 网络

此次研讨会上,曹玲教授强调:一定要结合中国现有国情,便于各地SMA患者管理工作以及疗效监测的落地和开展。

脊髓性肌萎缩症(spinal muscular atrophy,SMA)属于常染色体隐性遗传病,累及呼吸系统导致的呼吸衰竭是最常见的死因,因而进行呼吸管理降低相关并发症发生率与疾病死亡率均有重要意义[1, 2]。2021年6月16日,中国国家药品监督管理局批准首个治疗SMA的口服药物利司扑兰(Risdiplam)上市,使中国SMA患者和家庭有了新的治疗选择,但国内SMA的临床规范诊疗和呼吸管理方案还亟待完善。

2021年12月9日首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院曹玲教授和杨健教授,与来自神经内科、呼吸内科、急诊科、重症医学科等多个领域的权威国内专家,共同参加线上专家研讨会。

首先,首都儿科研究所杨健教授致开幕辞,就会议的召开背景和主要议题进行了介绍,并感谢参会专家前期的辛勤付出和出席会议,展开线上讨论。

专家团队在首次研讨会的基础上,结合目前中国已上市的疾病修正治疗药物,着重讨论并充分结合国内目前已有的呼吸管理技术(心肺复苏术、氧疗术、气道廓清技术、气切护理、营养支持)与药物可及性的情况,尤其在治疗启动时机、疗效监测方面,也更加注重可操作性。

专家指出,在呼吸管理的分泌物清除过程中,应明确各项气道廓清技术(airway clearance technique,ACT)的作用原理和应用原则,以便SMA患者根据病情进行气道分泌物清理。SMA患者可使用的外周ACT包括胸部叩击、胸部振动、体位引流、高频胸壁振荡(high-frequency chest wall oscillation,HFCWO)、肺内叩击通气(intrapulmonary percussive ventilation,IPV)[3]。近端ACT包括辅助吸气技术、辅助呼气技术和辅助吸呼气技术。辅助吸气技术通过增加肺容积而增加PCF,用间歇正压呼吸(Intermittent positive pressure breathing,IPPB)装置或有单向阀的肺容量补充装置可实现辅助吸气[3]。机械吸入呼出器(mechanical insufflation-exsufflation,MI-E)通过向肺部提供正压后立即给予负压,从正压到负压的快速转换模拟正常咳嗽时的气流变化,有助于分泌物清除,可连接面罩或气管插管或气管造口管使用。专家强调,1型SMA患者建议日常积极地进行气道分泌物清理,推荐胸部叩击、胸部振动、体位引流等外周ACT与MI-E联合应用,同时应进行口腔吸引或吸痰[4]。2型SMA患者若咳嗽无力,可按需进行气道分泌物清理。3型SMA患者在呼吸道感染、咳嗽无力时需要进行气道分泌物清理。

此次研讨会上,曹玲教授强调:一定要结合中国现有国情,便于各地SMA患者管理工作以及疗效监测的落地和开展。

如今,随着国家新药政策和医保政策的大力推进,各地纷纷开展具有里程碑意义的疾病修正治疗药物治疗。本次研讨会是基于中国患者的呼吸管理经验基础上,进行了相关内容的更新研讨,这将为规范我国呼吸科和重症监护室医生对SMA患者的临床评估和呼吸管理,进而提高SMA患者的生存和生活质量起到跨时代的重大意义。

 

参考文献:

[1] Mercuri E, Finkel RS, Muntoni F, et al. Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: Part 1: Recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, orthopedic and nutritional care[J].Neuromuscul Disord,2018,28(2):103-115.doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.11.005.

[2] Wijngaarde CA, Stam M, Otto LAM, et al. Population-based analysis of survival in spinal muscular atrophy[J].Neurology,2020,94(15):e1634-e1644.doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009248.

[3] Fauroux B, Griffon L, Amaddeo A, et al. Respiratory management of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)[J].Arch Pediatr,2020,27(7s):7s29-27s34.doi: 10.1016/s0929-693x(20)30274-8.

[4] Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Meyer OH, et al. Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: Part 2: Pulmonary and acute care; medications, supplements and immunizations; other organ systems; and ethics[J].Neuromuscul Disord,2018,28(3):197-207.doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.11.004.

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JNNP:采用疾病改良疗法筛查新生儿脊髓性肌萎缩症的成本效果分析

使用疾病改良发筛查新生儿脊髓性肌萎缩症在提高新生儿生活质量和寿命的同时,还大大节约了社会成本。