Cell:研究揭秘癌症治疗的新突破口!

2017-04-24 medicalxpress/枫丹白露 medicalxpress/枫丹白露

【肠道细菌如何改变抗癌药物活性的】根据UCL主导的关于线虫和其微生物如何处理药物和营养物质的研究,癌症药物的活性取决于生活在肠道中的微生物的类型。该发现突出显示了控制肠细菌和饮食以改善癌症治疗的潜在益处,以及了解药物有效性为何在个体之间变化。这项由Cell出版,由Wellcome皇家学会和医学研究委员会资助的研究,报告了一种新的高通量筛选方法,揭示宿主生物体肠道微生物与药物作用之间的复杂关



根据UCL主导的关于线虫和其微生物如何处理药物和营养物质的研究,癌症药物的活性取决于生活在肠道中的微生物的类型。

该发现突出显示了控制肠细菌和饮食以改善癌症治疗的潜在益处,以及了解药物有效性为何在个体之间变化。

这项由Cell出版,由Wellcome皇家学会和医学研究委员会资助的研究,报告了一种新的高通量筛选方法,揭示宿主生物体肠道微生物与药物作用之间的复杂关系。

“结肠直肠癌治疗的效果在患者之间变化很大,我们想知道这是否可能是由微生物改变身体处理药物的过程引起的,我们已经开发了一个严格的系统,可用于在宿主和微生物的背景下药物相互作用的临床筛查,或设计用于药物传递的细菌,这可能会改变治疗方法。”研究主管Filipe Cabreiro博士(UCL Biosciences)解释说。

“我们忘记了生活在我们身体中的许多生物与我们摄入的食物和药物相互作用,到目前为止,探测宿主、微生物和药物之间的关系已被证明是比较困难的,通常微生物被孤立地研究,这是不现实的。但是,使用我们的体内方法,我们对肠道微生物如何促进或抑制药物活性有一些惊人的见解,”Timothy Scott博士(UCL Biosciences)说。

来自UCL、欧洲分子生物学实验室(EMBL,德国EMBL),赫尔辛基大学和伦敦大学Birkbeck的研究人员组成的研究小组开发了一种基于秀丽隐杆线虫的新型三维屏幕。由于与人类的进化相似性及其与微生物的可比关系,这种蠕虫通常用作人类代谢的简单模型。

他们通过改变细菌基因以及药物类型和剂量来筛选秀丽隐杆线虫中的55,000个病症。然后,该团队使用计算分析来详细描述细菌遗传学、饮食来源和化合物如何影响氟嘧啶的有效性,氟嘧啶是常见类型的结肠直肠癌药物。

氟嘧啶通过终止DNA的合成起作用,其阻止细胞以不受控制的方式分裂。它们通常以前药形式给药,意味着它需要被肝脏分解成活性药物。虽然氟嘧啶是常见的癌症治疗药物,但是没有普遍接受的剂量,单独的遗传学不能解释患者对药物反应的差异。

在这项研究中的广泛筛选突出了细菌改变蠕虫的药物活性的两种不同方式。首先,一些细菌菌株有助于将前药加工成活性药物形式,增强药物活性,其次细菌影响细胞的代谢环境,使其更易于药物诱导细胞死亡。

该小组还发现,如果不考虑宿主 - 微生物 - 药物相互作用,癌症的协同治疗可能会限制治疗成功。例如,他们发现抗糖尿病二甲双胍通过抑制细菌的积极作用降低了秀丽隐杆线虫中氟嘧啶的功效。

“我们已经突出了我们对药物如何真正用于治疗疾病的理解中的一个关键缺失部分,我们计划进一步研究这一领域,因为确定哪些微生物对人类的药物活性起作用,以及如何调节膳食补充剂可能对癌症治疗结果产生巨大影响,”卡夫列罗博士总结道。

原始出处:

Timothy A. Scott, Leonor M. Quintaneiro, Povilas Norvaisas,et al. Host-Microbe Co-metabolism Dictates Cancer Drug Efficacy in C. elegans.Cell.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.040

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    2017-08-27 zxxiang
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    2017-09-17 维他命
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    2017-04-26 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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