Nature:炎症促进阿尔茨海默病进展

2017-12-24 佚名 “细胞”微信号

根据一项新的研究,来自德国神经退行性疾病中心和波恩大学的研究人员通过开展一系列实验室实验发现由大脑免疫系统导致的炎性机制触发阿尔茨海默病进展。这些发现为在症状出现之前有潜力揭示出阿尔茨海默病的发病机制提供了新的见解。他们预计有朝一日,这可能导致人们开发出新的疗法。相关研究结果于2017年12月20日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Microglia-derived ASC specks

根据一项新的研究,来自德国神经退行性疾病中心和波恩大学的研究人员通过开展一系列实验室实验发现由大脑免疫系统导致的炎性机制触发阿尔茨海默病进展。这些发现为在症状出现之前有潜力揭示出阿尔茨海默病的发病机制提供了新的见解。他们预计有朝一日,这可能导致人们开发出新的疗法。相关研究结果于2017年12月20日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease”。

阿尔茨海默病是一种破坏性的最终导致痴呆的神经退行性疾病。迄今为止,还没有有效地治疗这种疾病的方法。这种疾病与β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的异常聚集相关联。它们在大脑中的堆积似乎对神经元是有害的。近年来,已有研究揭示出Aβ的堆积物(即斑块)触发大脑中的先天性免疫系统的炎性机制。然而,导致神经退化和病理进展的确切过程至今尚未获得充分的理解。

论文通信作者、波恩大学神经退行性疾病与老年精神病学系主任Michael Heneka教授说,“Aβ病理性地堆积和扩散可能在临床症状(如记忆问题)出现数十年前就已发生。人们可能开发出在认知缺陷出现之前在早期阶段靶向阿尔茨海默病的治疗方法。”

炎症级联反应

一段时间以来,Heneka教授和同事们一直在研究大脑中的免疫反应在Aβ病理过程中的作用。Heneka团队在2013年发表的一项研究已确定作为先天性免疫传感器,一种分子复合物NLRP3在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中受到激活,并且在小鼠模型中促进阿尔茨海默病进展(Nature, doi:10.1038/nature11729)。

NLRP3是一种所谓的炎性体,可触发高度促炎性的细胞因子产生。再者,一经激活,NLRP3就与能够从细胞中释放出来的衔接蛋白ASC形成较大的信号复合物。波恩大学的Eicke Latz教授说,“迄今为止,由活化的细胞释放的ASC斑点(ASC speck)仅在巨噬细胞中记录到,而且它们在疾病过程中的相关性一直是个谜。”

在当前的这项新的研究中,这些研究人员证实ASC斑点也由大脑中活化的免疫细胞---小胶质细胞(microglia)---释放出来。Heneka说,“我们发现ASC斑点与胞外空间中的Aβ结合,促进Aβ聚集,因而直接将先天性免疫激活与Aβ的病理性进展相关联在一起。”

新的治疗方法?

这种观点得到了在阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型中开展的一系列实验的支持。在这些实验中,这些研究人员研究了ASC斑点及其组分(即ASC蛋白)对大脑中的Aβ堆积物扩散的影响。

Heneka说,“此外,对人大脑样品的分析在多个层面上表明炎症和Aβ病变可能在人类中以一种类似的方式相互作用。总之,我们的发现表明大脑炎症不仅是一种旁观者现象,而且也是疾病进展的一种较强的促进因素。因此,靶向这种免疫反应将成为阿尔茨海默病的一种新的治疗方法。”

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    2018-11-02 liye789132251
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    2018-01-03 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-12-24 thlabcde

    好资料学习了!

    0

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