JAMA子刊:对于“极早产儿”的神经和智力发育来说,母乳喂养显得更为重要!

2022-07-17 liangying MedSci原创

新生儿住院期间和出院后的母乳喂养与更好的学龄表现、更高的智商和学业成绩以及更少的多动症症状相关,尤其是在妊娠不足30周的婴儿中。

强有力的证据表明,在儿童生长发育过程中,婴儿期纯母乳喂养的时间越长,儿童期神经发育的结果越好。可能的机制为母乳中的营养素和非营养生物活性因子在发育的关键时期有益于婴儿大脑。然而,母乳喂养是否对早产婴儿(妊娠期小于32周)有类似的益处尚不确定。

鉴于出生后营养需求和神经发育风险的显著差异,对足月婴儿的研究结果不能直接推广到早产儿。此外,早产儿在从早产儿到足月龄的几个月时间里都是母乳喂养,这是一个容易发生脑损伤的时期,与足月婴儿吃母乳时相比,这一时期的大脑发育更早。母乳在大脑发育的不同阶段可能有不同的影响,这似乎是合理的。此外,在早产儿队列中,母乳的有益效果可能因胎龄、胎儿生长状况以及婴儿性别而异。

本研究的目的是评估极早产儿母乳喂养与学龄期认知、学业和行为结果的关系。

这项前瞻性队列研究评估了在5个澳大利亚围产期中心出生的586名小于33周的婴儿,这些婴儿参加了二十二碳六烯酸改善神经发育结局研究(2001年1月1日至2005年12月31日),并在7岁的校正年龄进行了评估。统计分析于2022年1月19日完成。

研究的主要结局为7岁时的神经发育结果:

(1)智商(韦氏智力简写量表),

(2)学业成绩(广泛成就测试,第四版),

(3)注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)症状(Conners第三版ADHD指数,父母报告),

(4)执行功能(执行功能行为评级量表,父母报告),

(5)行为(优势和困难问卷,父母报告)。

共有586名婴儿和486名母亲纳入本研究。新生儿重症监护病房的平均(SD)母乳摄入量为每天99mL/kg,平均母乳持续时间为5.1个月。全量表IQ的平均值为98.5分。协变量调整后,新生儿住院期间较高的母乳摄入量与较高的表现IQ、阅读分数和数学分数以及较少的ADHD症状有关。母乳摄入时间越长,阅读、拼写和数学成绩越高。母乳与全面智商、言语智商、执行功能或行为的改善无关。在低胎龄出生的婴儿中,尤其是小于30周的婴儿,大多数相关性更强(交互作用P值<.01)。

母乳摄入量、持续时间和神经发育结果

总之,这项针对早产儿的队列研究发现,新生儿住院期间和出院后的母乳喂养与更好的学龄表现、更高的智商和学业成绩以及更少的多动症症状相关,尤其是在妊娠不足30周的婴儿中。

参考文献:

Belfort MB, Knight E, Chandarana S, et al. Associations of Maternal Milk Feeding With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 7 Years of Age in Former Preterm Infants. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(7):e2221608. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21608

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1665123, encodeId=1ac4166512397, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8664008e1a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喂养#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40087, encryptionId=c8664008e1a, topicName=喂养)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ed425881542, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 01:13:44 CST 2023, time=2023-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1299653, encodeId=a79b129965391, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a056349485' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#母乳#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63494, encryptionId=7a056349485, topicName=母乳)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf1b289, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 02:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347635, encodeId=6d59134e635b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 02:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1457058, encodeId=d08c145e0586c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09bd61685aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#极早产儿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61685, encryptionId=09bd61685aa, topicName=极早产儿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=521c5837609, createdName=wmr113, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 02:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1243605, encodeId=beda1243605fc, content=JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿瘤克星, createdTime=Sun Jul 17 14:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-19 villahu
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1665123, encodeId=1ac4166512397, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8664008e1a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喂养#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40087, encryptionId=c8664008e1a, topicName=喂养)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ed425881542, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 01:13:44 CST 2023, time=2023-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1299653, encodeId=a79b129965391, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a056349485' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#母乳#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63494, encryptionId=7a056349485, topicName=母乳)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf1b289, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 02:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347635, encodeId=6d59134e635b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 02:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1457058, encodeId=d08c145e0586c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09bd61685aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#极早产儿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61685, encryptionId=09bd61685aa, topicName=极早产儿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=521c5837609, createdName=wmr113, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 02:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1243605, encodeId=beda1243605fc, content=JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿瘤克星, createdTime=Sun Jul 17 14:13:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-19 neurowu
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    2022-07-17 肿瘤克星

    JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新

    0

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