Front Med:磺脲类药物或双胍类药物与降低糖尿病患者类风湿性关节炎风险的相关性

2022-08-22 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

用磺脲类药物或双胍类药物治疗糖尿病可提高自身免疫性疾病的死亡率,抗氧化药物对糖尿病小鼠有潜在的保护作用。

背景:糖尿病(DM)涉及与代谢和免疫相关的风险,并导致微血管和大血管的靶向器官损伤和感染风险的增加。研究发现,免疫通路的破坏可以缓解DM小鼠的胰岛素抵抗。此外,在一些大型临床试验中,糖尿病的最佳治疗与一般死亡率和合并症的改善相关。在所有糖尿病口服药物中,磺脲类或双胍类药物是使用最多的,也是公认的具有成本效益的药物。此外,根据英国前瞻性糖尿病研究的结果,20年的全因死亡率,相对风险为0.87,而使用磺脲类或胰岛素和双胍类强化血糖控制(如:在10年的随访中,二甲双胍显著改善了超重患者的健康结果。双胍类药物已被证明对新出现的2型糖尿病的“任何糖尿病相关终点”和“全因死亡率”有好处,并被认为是糖尿病的一线治疗.

类风湿关节炎(RA)的发病机制涉及遗传背景、肥胖、慢性感染以及口腔卫生、吸烟、饮食等环境因素,这些因素可以影响口腔和肠道菌群,从而间接影响RA的发展。以肥胖为例,美国的一项研究和其他研究显示,肥胖占1985 - 2007年间女性RA患者增加发病率的52%(4.8 / 10万)。如上所述,磺脲类药物或双胍类药物严格控制血糖有利于几个DM相关终点,这表明RA和DM的发病机制相似。RA(和DM之间有深刻的相似性。他们有相似的不同的免疫标记物累及和严重的心血管疾病共病。用磺脲类药物或双胍类药物治疗糖尿病可提高自身免疫性疾病的死亡率,抗氧化药物对糖尿病小鼠有潜在的保护作用。为了确定磺脲类或双胍类药物是否会延缓RA的发生,我们利用全国数据库开展了一项队列研究,以检查磺脲类或双胍类药物对DM患者发生RA的影响。

目的:糖尿病(DM)与免疫失调有关,而磺脲类药物或双胍类药物与抗炎机制有关。本研究旨在探讨糖尿病患者类风湿关节炎(RA)的发生率及不同治疗方法间的发病率。

方法:本队列研究采用1997 - 2013年台湾国民健康保险研究数据库,评估磺酰脲类药物或双胍类药物在类风湿关节炎发生中预防作用的主要结果。我们使用分类变量卡方检验、Cox比例风险回归和log-rank检验来探讨DM患者发生RA的时间。采用Logistic回归方法估计RA在不同剂量药物照射下的比值比。

结果:我们的队列研究纳入了94,141例糖尿病患者。以各分析中DM组非磺酰脲类/双胍类使用者发生RA的风险为参考,调整后的DM患者使用磺酰脲类或双胍类药物发生RA的风险比为0.73(95%可信区间0.60-0.90)。在指数日前1年内,与未使用双胍类药物的患者相比,使用双胍类药物超过180天的患者RA风险显著降低。同样,在首次RA访诊指标日前2 ~ 3年内磺酰脲处方天数超过365天的DM患者发生RA的风险也显著降低(均< 0.05)。

表1糖尿病患者类风湿关节炎的风险。

表2糖尿病患者基线降糖药使用情况(确诊糖尿病后1年内至少90天处方

表3巢式病例对照设计中伴或不伴类风湿关节炎的糖尿病患者特征。

表4嵌套病例对照研究设计评价双胍类和磺脲类药物的处方天数。

图1糖尿病患者口服降糖药后累积类风湿性关节炎发病率比例Kaplan-Meier曲线糖尿病患者使用双胍类(A)或磺脲类(B)的累积类风湿性关节炎发病率比例的Kaplan-Meier曲线。双胍类或磺脲类患者的累积类风湿性关节炎发病率较低(双胍类和磺脲类患者分别p = 0.0061和p = 0.0009)

结论:我们的数据表明,磺脲类药物或双胍类药物与DM患者较低的RA发生率相关;双胍类药物的作用比磺酰脲类药物的作用更快,但磺酰脲类药物降低RA发生率的作用可能更长。

原文出处:Su YJ,  Huang JY,  Chu CQ,  Wei JC,Sulfonylureas or biguanides is associated with a lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.Front Med (Lausanne) 2022;9

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    2022-08-23 lmm397
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长期临床应用证据均表明,SUs除降糖作用之外,还可减少或延缓T2DM并发症的发生。

Diabetes Obes Metab:二肽基肽酶4抑制剂和磺脲类药物对疗养院居民认知和身体功能的影响

与SU相比,使用DPP4Is的老年NH居民认知和功能下降率可能会降低,但具有更大统计功效的大型研究应该通过提供更精确的效果估计来解决剩余的不确定性。

JAHA:二甲双胍与磺脲类药物治疗的伴有肾功能下降的糖尿病患者心衰住院比较

在肾功能恶化的2型糖尿病患者中,与磺脲类药物相比,持续使用二甲双胍可降低心衰住院率。

磺脲类药物可增加2型糖尿病患者的癌症风险?最新研究答案是“No”!

磺脲类药物和二甲双胍是最常用的糖尿病药物,占研究人群中所有GLD的64%,而与其他GLD相比,研究发现磺酰脲类药物的使用与癌症风险无关。