NAT MED:移植人造胆管,治疗肝脏疾病

2017-07-05 漱石 生物探索

经过多年发展,科学家们已经能在实验室利用细胞培育、分化、自组装成各种类似人体组织的3D结构,这种类器官不仅能帮助科学家们研究疾病机制,筛选药物,还有用于器官移植的潜力。近日,剑桥科学家开发出一种生长和移植人造胆管的方法,能够帮助治疗儿童肝脏疾病,减少肝移植的需要。这项研究发表于Nature Medicine期刊上,研究人员制造的三维细胞结构,一旦移植到小鼠中,就发育成正常的功能性胆管。

经过多年发展,科学家们已经能在实验室利用细胞培育、分化、自组装成各种类似人体组织的3D结构,这种类器官不仅能帮助科学家们研究疾病机制,筛选药物,还有用于器官移植的潜力。近日,剑桥科学家开发出一种生长和移植人造胆管的方法,能够帮助治疗儿童肝脏疾病,减少肝移植的需要。这项研究发表于Nature Medicine期刊上,研究人员制造的三维细胞结构,一旦移植到小鼠中,就发育成正常的功能性胆管。

胆管是一个长的管状结构,它能运输肝脏分泌的胆汁,帮助我们消化食物。如果导胆管无法正常工作,比如儿童疾病胆管闭锁,淤积在肝脏的胆汁将会对肝脏造成严重破坏并危及生命。

该研究表明,使用细胞移植和组织工程技术生成并移植人造胆管为未来治疗胆管疾病提供了希望;目前对于该病的治疗,唯一的选择是肝移植。

这一研究由剑桥大学干细胞研究所的Ludovic Vallier教授和Fotios Sampaziotis博士以及外科系的Kourosh Saeb-Parsy博士领导,他们从胆管中提取健康细胞(胆管细胞),并将其培养成功能性的3D管状结构即胆管类器官。当移植到小鼠中时,胆管类器官能组装成类似于胆管的复杂管状结构。

研究人员与工程系的Alex Justin先生和Athina Markaki博士合作,测试胆管类器官是否能够生长在“可生物降解的胶原支架”上,后者可以形成管状,用于修复身体中受损的胆管。四周后,细胞已完全覆盖微型支架,形成人造管道,并显示出正常功能性胆管的关键特征。然后研究人员使用这些人造管替代小鼠中损伤的胆管。人造管移植成功,小鼠存活下来并且没有发生任何并发症。

“我们的工作有可能改变胆管疾病的治疗,” Vallier教授解释说,“目前唯一的选择是肝移植,所以我们受到健康移植器官可用性的限制。未来,我们相信可以生成大量的生物工程组织,可以代替患病的胆管,并提供一个强有力的新治疗选择,而不依赖器官移植。”

“这证明了组织工程和再生医学的力量,”Sampaziotis博士补充说,“这些人造胆管不仅可用于移植,而且还可用于模拟胆管的其他疾病,用于开发和测试新的药物治疗。”

原始出处:
Sampaziotis F, Justin AW, Tysoe OC1, et al. Reconstruction of the mouse extrahepatic biliary tree using primary human extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids.Nat Med. 2017 Jul 3. doi: 10.1038/nm.4360. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2018-06-04 liye789132251
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