Lancet:两种处方预防HIV母婴传播效果相当

2015-11-19 zhaozhou 译 MedSci原创

目前,母乳喂养仍然是预防HIV-1母婴传播的重要障碍。与预防成年人性行为传播HIV相似,预防母乳喂养传播HIV主要有两种方法:1.通过对已经感染的患者的治疗,降低传染力(母体抗病毒治疗,ART);2.对尚未被感染的婴儿进行抗病毒预防(PreP)。临床试验表明,婴儿PreP和母体ART都是有效的。但是,目前仍然没有关于婴儿暴露超过六个月的的处方。而目前推荐的哺乳时间为12个月。 为此,研究

目前,母乳喂养仍然是预防HIV-1母婴传播的重要障碍。与预防成年人性行为传播HIV相似,预防母乳喂养传播HIV主要有两种方法:1.通过对已经感染的患者的治疗,降低传染力(母体抗病毒治疗,ART);2.对尚未被感染的婴儿进行抗病毒预防(PreP)。临床试验表明,婴儿PreP和母体ART都是有效的。但是,目前仍然没有关于婴儿暴露超过六个月的的处方。而目前推荐的哺乳时间为12个月。

 
为此,研究人员在非洲四个国家开展了一项临床试验。比较两种婴儿HIV预防母乳喂养超过50周的HIV-1传染的处方的有效性和安全性。两种处方分别是拉米夫定或洛匹那韦-利托那韦。共有1236名婴儿参与此次临床试验。其中615人被随机分配使用洛匹那韦-利托那韦,另外621人使用拉米夫定。主要结果是婴儿在出生7天后到50周内的HIV-1感染情况,每三个月进行一次诊断。在研究进行期间,出现了17例HIV-1感染(洛匹那韦-利托那韦组8例,拉米夫定组9例)。两种的累积感染率分别为1.4%和1.5%。两组之间的感染率并没有显著性差异。两组间的临床和生物学严重不良反应数量也没有差异。
 
此次研究表明,用于预防婴儿HIV-1感染的两种处方,洛匹那韦-利托那韦并不优于拉米夫定。两种处方都可以使得出生后HIV-1感染率降低。婴儿暴露前预防应该延长到HIV-1暴露终点。母亲也应当被告知母乳喂养传播HIV的持久性风险。

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    2016-04-07 howi
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    2016-01-02 xyfg98

    希望做到健康安全

    0

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    2015-12-02 三三五五

    棒棒的

    0

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    2015-11-21 zhouqu_8

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