Nat Commun:CRISPR系统初步成功清除HIV病毒

2015-03-12 佚名 不详

想象一下,一个成分单一的药物,可以防止人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染,也能治疗已经感染艾滋病毒的患者,甚至能清除比HIV更厉害的病毒的所有休眠副本。这听起来像科幻小说,但已经有科学家们开始一步步接近于这个目标。他们通过定义和利用细菌和基因剪刀手CRISPR/Cas9系统,为细胞创造了一个新的防御系统。这篇研究成果,发表在最新的Nature Communications。 当HIV病毒复制潜


想象一下,一个成分单一的药物,可以防止人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染,也能治疗已经感染艾滋病毒的患者,甚至能清除比HIV更厉害的病毒的所有休眠副本。这听起来像科幻小说,但已经有科学家们开始一步步接近于这个目标。他们通过定义和利用细菌和基因剪刀手CRISPR/Cas9系统,为细胞创造了一个新的防御系统。这篇研究成果,发表在最新的Nature Communications

当HIV病毒复制潜入人体细胞,它们就会导致混乱。它使用细胞本身的分子机制制成病毒遗传物质的副本,这些副本随后埋葬细胞自身的基因。从此之后,主体细胞变成一个HIV工厂,使得病毒大量复制,以遍布全身。现有的HIV药物主要瞄准这一生命周期中的各个步骤:比如说一些阻止病毒整合进入细胞的DNA,而另一些尝试包括停止受HIV影响的细胞生产更多的病毒。不过这些药物的问题在于它们不能真正删除那些隐藏在细胞的病毒DNA。这些病毒可以保持休眠状态数年之久,然后再次激活。所以病人通常需要每天或每周的使用药物来保障他们的生活,因为HIV可以潜伏。不过这样花费的金钱,时间和精力实在难以估量。

为了解决这一问题,美国加州La Sierra University的研究人员转向使用CRISPR细菌分子防御系统。细菌可以利用CRISPR系统删除基因中指定地点的外源DNA。最近科学家们已经开始使用CRISPR系统来编辑基因表达。这次研究人员针对的是用CRISPR/Cas9系统切开和破坏人体细胞病毒。

CRISPR/Cas9需要guideRNA来定位它的剪刀位置。科研人员设计了针对HIV病毒guideRNA序列。他们将系统传递进入已经感染了HIV的免疫细胞,发现CRISPR/Cas9系统成功能在设计的位置将HIV基因剪断,并灭活了病毒。这导致了该病毒从72%的感染细胞中完全消失。CRISPR/Cas9系统不仅在最初被感染的细胞中去除了病毒的松散副本,它也同时削减了隐藏在细胞DNA内的处于休眠状态的HIV副本。随后研究人员在多能干细胞内表达了这个CRISPR/Cas9系统,经过工程改造过的干细胞不仅能够稳定的表达靶向HIV的CRISPR / Cas9,高效地分化为HIV reservoir细胞类型,重要的是能够维持对HIV挑战的抵抗,不被感染。

虽然也有其他研究小组采取了类似的办法针对HIV病毒,不过研究人员表示他们的方法能有效打击活跃,全长度的HIV而不是只针对缩短,非活跃的病毒版本。

这一技术的主要优点不仅是消除整合到人基因组病毒DNA,最重要的是,能够预防应用。通过消除处于生命周期早期的病毒,我们或许可以像常规疫苗类似的方式完全防止人细胞对HIV的感染。不过,我们还需要更多的研究来确定如何应用该技术于人类患者;HIV病毒是否会迅速变异,逃避CRISPR系统。考虑到这一点,该团队正在研究增加更多的guideRNA和CRISPR的组合,使得能同时识别病毒的多个DNA位点,增强剪切的有效性。

原始出处:

Liao HK, Gu Y, Diaz A, Marlett J, Takahashi Y, Li M, Suzuki K, Xu R, Hishida T, Chang CJ, Esteban CR, Young J, Izpisua Belmonte JC.Use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an intracellular defense against HIV-1 infection in human cells. Nat Commun. 2015 Mar 10;6:6413. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7413.

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    2015-08-04 liuli5079
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    2015-04-09 liye789132251
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    2015-03-14 yuandd
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    2015-03-12 lovetcm

    未来希望所在

    0

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近日,一项发表于国际杂志New England Journal of Medicine上的研究报告中,来自阿拉巴马大学的研究者通过研究表示,在对非洲妇女进行的研究中发现,暴露前预防(PrEP)或并不能有效抑制HIV的感染和传播,但实际上这却是研究对象所要面对的影响其机体健康的因素。 “HIV阴性个体可以通过PrEP的方法来降低其被感染的风险,但最好的结果则是通过进行完整过程的坚持服药才可以达到的

LANCET:Sofosbuvir联合利巴韦林可有效治疗 HCV、HIV 共感染患者

尽管不含干扰素的治疗方案已经被批准治疗HIV和2、3型HCV的共感染患者,但是以干扰素为基础的治疗方案对HIV和1、4型HCV型共感染患者来说仍然是的一个常用的选择。然而该方案由于其显著的临床毒性、与抗逆转录病毒药物的相互作用限制了该方案的应用。法国巴黎圣路易斯医院的研究者在 LANCET 2月3日在线发表了一文评估不使用干扰素的情况下、sofosbuvir联合利巴韦林治疗HIV/HCV共感染患者

JAMA:老年患者皮肤及口腔红斑病损伴体重减轻-病例分析

一位74岁英籍男子,4月前发现口腔及颈部、胸部、腹部、上肢处出现暗红色病变,并逐渐增多。在这期间曾到血液科、皮肤科、心内科就诊,被诊断为因华法林抗凝治疗引起的皮肤粘膜瘀斑。患者无恶性肿瘤病史及传染病史。在过去的这几个月里,患者体重减轻15.8kg,否认发烧和夜间盗汗。体格检查发现颈部、躯干及双侧上肢皮肤可见大量微凸的红斑状结节,口内检查可见软腭部存在两处类圆形边界清晰的红色斑块。其余检查未见异常。