联合国发布全新艾滋病报告

2016-12-01 赵熙熙 中国科学报

联合国发布最新艾滋病报告 非洲年轻女性尤易感染

 

有1820万人正在接受ARV治疗。

图片来源:ton koene/Alamy Stock Photo

本报讯 根据瑞士日内瓦联合国艾滋病规划署(UNAIDS)的年度世界艾滋病日报告,当涉及到艾滋病病毒(HIV)的感染时,生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的年轻妇女正在经历着一个“特别危险的时间”。该报告同时指出,截至2016年6月,全球约1820万HIV感染者接受了抗逆转录病毒药物(ARV)治疗,获得这一“救命疗法”的患者人数较2010年约翻了一番。

这份报告指出,在2015年全世界范围内210万新增艾滋病病例中,大约有19%的患者是年龄在15岁至24岁的女性。该群体去年全球每周新增约7500名感染者。并且与同年龄的男性相比,在某些地区,年轻女性染病的风险更高。例如,在非洲南部,91%的新发感染病例为15岁至19岁的年轻女性。UNAIDS执行董事Michel Sidibé表示:“这一年龄段的年轻女性最不容易进行HIV测试,并且也很难了解她们的状态。这真的很不可思议。”

根据这份报告,造成这一结果的原因非常复杂。许多年轻女性并没有察觉到自己处于危险之中,并且她们生活在被UNAIDS称为“具有挑战性的环境”中,无法获得足够的食物和教育。并且,她们当中的很多人都与年长的男性发生过性关系。

与过去几年相比,更新后的世界艾滋病日(12月1日)对这种传染病提供了更加细致入微的观察。这份报告第一次考察了艾滋病在4个年龄段的发病情况,这被称为“对于HIV的生命周期方法”。UNAIDS建议这一分类——0岁到14岁、15岁到24岁、25岁到49岁以及50岁以后——能够带来针对这种传染病的“复杂动力学”更为清晰的了解,以及更具指向性的反应。该报告同时包括注射毒品者、男性同性恋、性工作者和变性人等在内的高危人群感染HIV的风险和接受治疗的最新情况。

其中最令人惊讶的细节之一是在2015年新增的15万儿童艾滋病病毒感染者中(其中半数儿童通过母乳喂养途径感染病毒),仅尼日利亚就占了1/4。Sidibé表示,对于这一发现,他的“失望比惊讶更多”。他说:“这是包括我个人在内的集体的失败。”

在南非,超过95%的感染HIV的孕妇接受了挽救生命的ARV治疗,这同时也能够预防母婴传播(MTCT)。尼日利亚正在分析它的数据,但UNAIDS表示,最新的数据意味着该国约有30%感染HIV的孕妇接受了ARV治疗。

根据这份报告,其他趋势则令人感到鼓舞。据估计,全世界3670万HIV感染者中,有一半(1820万人)接受了ARV治疗。在2010年至2015年之间,全球儿童新发艾滋病人数下降了51%,这要归功于广泛开展的防止MTCT项目。年度艾滋病相关死亡人数从2010年的200万下降至110万。

报告说,ARV可帮助HIV感染者活得更长久。在发展中国家与发达国家,艾滋病患者的寿命都得到了普遍延长,而这要感谢有效的ARV治疗。其中艾滋病感染者中最年长的组别——50岁以上的人数在增长,如今占全部感染人数的17%。如果艾滋病治疗能够像预期的那样变得更为普及,在未来4年中,艾滋病感染者的数量在这个最老的年龄段可能增加到47%。

此外报告指出,2014年全球约45%的新增感染者为“关键人群”及其性伙伴。报告警示,注射毒品者、男性同性恋及其他有男男性行为的人群中新增感染者数量继续上升,性工作者和变性人中新增感染者数量也未能实现下降。

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    2017-06-11 177****0775

    希望疫苗早日生产

    0

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    2017-02-05 墨尔

    很好的知识

    0

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    2017-02-05 墨尔

    应该做一个更好的研究。

    0

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    2016-12-13 卡莲

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209304, encodeId=5fc5209304a1, content=希望疫苗早日生产, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3y0bpRCxe3not0sSBooe76LSKaOkauRuaX6o1QFepyzA23l5ySm1NTN362yOwglmBQuLmenyxj2bQ/0, createdBy=66bd2071976, createdName=177****0775, createdTime=Sun Jun 11 08:31:03 CST 2017, time=2017-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1859587, encodeId=01f3185958ed4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1ff8068602' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#联合国#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80686, encryptionId=b1ff8068602, topicName=联合国)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=909c71, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 04:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=174424, encodeId=74141e442434, content=很好的知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ee471989203, createdName=墨尔, createdTime=Sun Feb 05 22:39:22 CST 2017, time=2017-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=174423, encodeId=89711e4423c1, content=应该做一个更好的研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ee471989203, createdName=墨尔, createdTime=Sun Feb 05 22:39:07 CST 2017, time=2017-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=162534, encodeId=2307162534a7, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4e21675717, createdName=卡莲, createdTime=Tue Dec 13 20:18:08 CST 2016, time=2016-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159827, encodeId=f2e815982e98, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 06:49:48 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-03 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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