The Lancet Rheumatology:预测需要全膝关节置换术的风险

2022-02-10 nobscure MedSci原创

BMI、放射学严重疼痛、疼痛等都会影响关节炎患者的行全膝关节置换术的风险。

COVID-19 大流行扰乱了世界各地的医疗保健服务,并导致英国国家医疗服务体系 (NHS) 中全膝关节置换术的等候人数创历史新高。临床医生建议将 NHS 的膝关节置换术生产率提高 10-20%,以解决未来十年的负担。另一种或额外的策略是解决与全膝关节置换术需求相关的潜在可逆因素,从而减少对手术的需求。即使这样的策略使手术推迟了几年,这也可以减少全膝关节置换术的潜在翻修负担,随着年龄的增长与较低的翻修风险相关。

柳叶刀风湿病学中,刘强及其同事提出需要全膝关节置换术的预测模型。与以前的模型不同,作者将放射学严重程度作为预测因素。尽管 X 光片结果是全膝关节置换术进展的明显预测指标,骨关节炎的影像学严重程度恶化与全膝关节置换术风险增加相关,但在模型中调整这一混杂因素可能有助于识别其他可能被忽视的可逆风险因素之前。Liu 及其同事使用来自多中心骨关节炎研究 (MOST) 的数据开发了两种预测模型:有和没有放射学严重程度。Liu 及其同事随后使用来自骨关节炎倡议的数据来验证他们的预测模型。

唯一确定与全膝关节置换术风险增加相关的可逆变量是体重指数 (BMI),每次增加的风险比 (HR) 为 1·31 (95% CI 1·18–1·46)。例如,BMI 增加 4 分与需要进行全膝关节置换术的风险增加两倍以上有关。与全膝关节置换术风险相关的其他变量要么是不可逆的(年龄、性别和种族),要么可能与疾病进展相关,但与疾病进展没有直接关系(疼痛、镇痛药的使用和氨基葡萄糖的使用)。

然而,当在模型中考虑到骨关节炎的放射学严重程度时,BMI 不再是与全膝关节置换术风险相关的重要因素。在这两种模型中仍然很重要的一个因素是,膝关节镜检查可能是可逆的,也可能是不可逆的,它与全膝关节置换术独立相关(HR 1·26,95% CI 1·15–1·38)。作者因此得出结论,“遵循关于膝关节镜检查的骨关节炎管理指南至关重要”。

尽管退行性膝关节炎患者不再接受膝关节镜检查,但具有机械症状的较轻放射学骨关节炎患者仍可能从这种干预中受益,这甚至可能有助于将全膝关节置换术推迟数年。作者因此认为,“遵循关于膝关节镜检查的骨关节炎管理指南至关重要”。

尽管退行性膝关节炎患者不再接受膝关节镜检查,但具有机械症状的较轻放射学骨关节炎患者仍可能从这种干预中受益,这甚至可能有助于将全膝关节置换术推迟数年。因此作者得出结论,“遵循关于膝关节镜检查的骨关节炎管理指南至关重要”。

尽管退行性膝关节炎患者不再接受膝关节镜检查,但具有机械症状的较轻放射学骨关节炎患者仍可能从这种干预中受益,这甚至可能有助于将全膝关节置换术推迟数年。

与全膝关节置换术风险增加相关的最具预测性的因素是年龄较大、疼痛和骨关节炎的放射学严重程度。对于大多数管理此类患者的内科医生和外科医生来说,这些标准不会让人感到意外,并且符合大多数外科医生进行全膝关节置换术的标准。然而,如果患者的疼痛通过替代措施和其他处理疼痛的方法得到充分控制,例如缓冲鞋垫或 Escape Pain 计划他们对全膝关节置换术的需求可能会延迟。此外,当将放射学严重程度纳入模型时,随着 BMI 的增加,需要在更早的年龄进行全膝关节置换术。越来越多的证据表明,增加 BMI 与早期需要全膝关节置换术有关,应鼓励和支持有骨关节炎早期症状和放射学迹象的患者减轻体重。这不仅可以延迟全膝关节置换术的需要,还可以降低围手术期风险,例如深部感染。

预测模型可能是医学的未来,人工智能可以预测延迟全膝关节置换术的最佳治疗方案,甚至是手术的最佳时间。理想情况下,这项技术将能够提供针对患者的预测结果和全膝关节置换术的潜在风险。然而,鉴于对骨关节炎和疾病发展背后的分子机制的了解不断增加,并且当此类预测或人工智能工具出现时,甚至可能不需要此类进步。完全的全膝关节置换术。

文章来源:Nick D Clement,Predicting the risk of needing a total knee arthroplasty,The Lancet Rheumatology,Volume 4, Issue 2,2022,  Pages e78-e79,

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    2022-02-22 howi
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    2022-12-15 yxch48
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