Endoscopy:早期肠癌内镜下切除后切缘阳性时的复发风险较低

2017-11-26 王强 肿瘤资讯

消化内镜医生最有成就感的时候,应该是内镜下切除早癌;最有沮丧感的时候,应该是内镜下切除后、根据病理结果,发现需要对患者进行二次手术,比如肠癌内镜下切除后切缘阳性。但,切缘阳性真的那么可怕吗?

消化内镜医生最有成就感的时候,应该是内镜下切除早癌;最有沮丧感的时候,应该是内镜下切除后、根据病理结果,发现需要对患者进行二次手术,比如肠癌内镜下切除后切缘阳性。但,切缘阳性真的那么可怕吗?

早期表浅大肠癌(CRC)内镜下切除后,如病理分期为T1期,则后续治疗方案(随访或追加手术)取决于组织病理学结果。此前的研究认为T1期CRC中出现粘膜下浸润、脉管浸润、组织学为高级别、肿瘤出芽,则提示淋巴结转移(LNM)可能性大,且当前的指南认为出现上述结果意味着仅内镜下切除则预后不良。内镜下切除标本中,切缘阳性也认为提示病变残余的可能性较大,因此指南中认为这也是预后不良的组织学指标。内镜下已完整切除肿瘤时,切缘情况是否与病变残余有关,相关研究结论不一。有鉴于此,韩国国立癌症研究中心Shin教授等就此问题进行了相关研究,文章发表于近期的Endoscopy杂志,肿瘤资讯为大家编译介绍如下。

该研究对2001年1月至2016年12月间在韩国国立癌症研究中心进行过治疗的内镜下切除T1期CRC患者资料进行分析,纳入标准为:内镜下病变完全切除,病理报告表明底部切缘或侧向切缘阳性。切缘具体而言包括侧向及纵向两个方面;目前对切缘距肿瘤的安全距离尚无定论,因此导致“切缘阳性”的定义也有切缘距肿瘤<1mm、<2mm、=0mm(切缘上可见肿瘤细胞)等多种。该研究中的阴性切缘指切缘上明确无肿瘤细胞,阳性切缘即切缘上明确有肿瘤细胞(切缘距肿瘤=0mm)。切缘阴性或大体即有肿瘤残余者排除在外。此外,因标本破碎或斜切等导致切缘无法明确判定者,也视为切缘阳性。内镜切除标本病理报告中出现前述不良组织学特征,则建议追加手术。如追加手术,则评估术后标本是否有肿瘤残余;该研究中肿瘤残余是指术后标本内镜切除处肠壁上有肿瘤细胞,而不是LNM。

符合纳入标准的病例共计265例,其中213例进行了追加手术,内镜下切除与追加手术之间间隔的平均时间为23.4天;未追加手术的52例原因为有手术禁忌症、患者拒绝手术或其他原因。213例追加手术者,有13例(6.1%)检出肿瘤残余;15例未见LNM危险因素,且这15例患者中有1例具有肿瘤残余。

统计学分析表明,没有任何临床病理学参数与肿瘤残余有关;13例具有肿瘤残余的患者相关信息,详见表1。

由资料进行统计可知,如侧切缘阳性则肿瘤残余的比例为2.4%(1/41),如底部切缘阳性则肿瘤残余的比例为5.1%(2/39),如两处切缘均阳性则肿瘤残余的比例为7.5%(10/133);但各组之间的差异统计学上无显着意义。统计学分析还表明,与LNM显着相关的组织病理学危险因素为组织学高级别、脉管浸润。

52例未追加手术者,随访期间(随访时间1-110个月,中位时间为22个月)有4例出现复发(7.7%);各自复发时间为内镜术后11个月、14个月、50个月、53个月。其中,3例并无LNM危险因素,且复发部位为此前内镜手术部位;二次手术后病理分别为高度异型增生、rpT3N0M0、rpT1N0M0。另外一例具有LNM危险因素(粘膜下深部浸润、脉管浸润),复发表现为远处种植性转移,二次手术病理报告为rpT3N2M1。

总之,由该研究可知内镜下切除的T1期CRC如出现切缘阳性,其肿瘤残余的几率为6.1%,相对来说是比较低的。该研究中两处切缘均阳性者肿瘤残余的比例为7.5%,其次底部切缘阳性及侧切缘阳性者肿瘤残余的比例分别为5.1%、2.4%,但统计学上并无显着差异,这可能是病例数量较少所致。

另外,该研究中有4例未追加手术者随访期间出现了复发,且其中3例并无LNM的组织学危险因素,而另一例有LNM危险因素者出现了远处转移,这可能说明切缘阳性仅与局部复发有关、而与远处转移及后期LNM无关。

尽管当前的指南建议对于切缘阳性的T1期CRC患者进行追加手术,但也已有部分研究提出应综合考虑相关手术的获益与风险,对部分患者来说内镜切除后密切随诊而不是直接手术,可能利大于弊。本文正说明了这一点:对于无LNM危险因素、仅为切缘阳性的患者来说,随访、必要时再行补救手术可能也是合适的;当然,具体细节如何时可以考虑密切随诊而无需追加手术、随诊的时间间隔、随诊的具体方案等,均需进一步大规模、长时段研究确定。

点评

短时间内来说,消灭癌症并不现实,治愈所有癌症也不现实。我们真正的目标,是把癌症变为慢性病,用尽可能损伤小、获益大的方案来治疗相关病变!胃肠道癌内镜下切除,可以说是个极好的选择!但,不可漏掉一个,也不能错杀一个,永远是我们“精准治疗”的应有之义!因此,准确理解内镜下切除后切缘阳性的意义并指导临床实践,意义重大!

原始出处:
Shin JW,Han KS,Hyun JH,et al.Risk of recurrence after endoscopic resection of early colorectal cancer with positive margins[J].Endoscopy,2017.DOI:10.1055/s-0043-120441

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    2017-12-05 虈亣靌

    讲解的非常好,值得学习

    0

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    2017-12-01 虈亣靌

    学习了提高了

    0

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    2017-11-30 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-11-30 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-11-28 docwu2019
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    2017-11-26 thlabcde

    好资料学习了!

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