FDA:美疾控中心更新水痘-带状疱疹病毒球蛋白的使用建议

2013-07-24 MedSci 环球医学

美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)更新了使用水痘 - 带状疱疹病毒球蛋白(VariZIG)用于降低水痘 - 带状疱疹病毒(VZV)感染严重程度的的建议。 对于严重水痘高风险的人群,建议延长暴露后预防时间窗。作为研究新药,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)最初批准VariZIG在4天之内使用,但根据7月19日发表在《Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report》上的更新建议

美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)更新了使用水痘 - 带状疱疹病毒球蛋白(VariZIG)用于降低水痘 - 带状疱疹病毒(VZV)感染严重程度的的建议。

对于严重水痘高风险的人群,建议延长暴露后预防时间窗。作为研究新药,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)最初批准VariZIG在4天之内使用,但根据7月19日发表在《Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report》上的更新建议,随后的研究已经显示暴露后10天治疗也有效。

在评估后,CDC免疫实践咨询委员会已批准扩大使用。CDC指南表示这一建议已经被美国儿科学会和美国FDA所采纳。

VariZIG为一种来自高抗VZV抗体水平健康献血者血浆的抗体制剂。在美国它是唯一获得FDA批准的水痘带状疱疹免疫球蛋白制剂。CDC现在呼吁在水痘-带状疱疹病毒暴露后尽快和10天之内使用VariZIG。

对于有严重水痘和并发症高风险、有水痘或带状疱疹暴露史、禁忌水痘水痘疫苗的患者,没有证据证明其对水痘有免疫力,CDC推荐使用VariZIG。

据CDC,在使用药物之前,卫生专业人员需要考虑3个因素:缺乏对水痘有免疫力的证据、有感染风险、有水痘并发症的风险。

除外扩大治疗窗,新的指南修订建议要求住院期间病毒暴露的早产儿使用VariZIG。先前的指南金推荐新生儿暴露使用VariZIG。

因为早产儿的免疫系统可能尚未完全发育好(其中一些可能是极低出生体重,需要花几个月的时间在新生儿重症监护病房),基于专家的意见,他们严重水痘的风险较高。

该文件还推荐VariZIG用于下列人群:

1、无免疫力证据的免疫功能低下患者

2、分娩前5天和分娩后2天有水痘症状的母亲生育的新生儿。

3、妊娠28周或以后出生的住院早产儿,其母亲没有水痘免疫的证据;

4、无论其母亲水痘免疫力证据的如何,妊娠小于28周的住院早产儿或出生体重小于1000克;

5、没有免疫力的孕妇。

该指南指出,随着水痘发病率的下降,对VariZIG的需求有所下降,但仍有暴露发生。

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    2013-07-26 xzw113
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    2013-07-26 zutt
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