Trans Psy:从DNA预测精神疾病

2017-09-05 佚名 生物探索

日本大阪大学和奈良大学等多家研究单位的研究人员合作,发现蛋白质CX3CR中一个单一的氨基酸替代可能预测精神分裂症和自闭症。相关文章近期发表在Translational Psychiatry上。



日本大阪大学和奈良大学等多家研究单位的研究人员合作,发现蛋白质CX3CR中一个单一的氨基酸替代可能预测精神分裂症和自闭症。相关文章近期发表在Translational Psychiatry上。

亨廷顿氏病、囊性纤维化和肌营养不良都是可以追溯到单一突变的疾病。对于这些疾病无症状的患者来说,诊断相对比较容易——你有这种突变吗?有的话就有危险了。另一方面,很多复杂的疾病没有明显的突变。日本研究人员进行的一项新研究显示,一种潜在的罕见基因突变可作为两种神经发育障碍:精神分裂症和自闭症的预测因子。

Toshihide Yamashita说:“异常突触的形成是精神分裂症和自闭症的重要发病机制。小胶质细胞对突触连接的结构和功能有贡献。”

小胶质细胞是脑细胞中唯一表达G蛋白偶联受体CX3CR1的细胞。已多次报道它与神经发育障碍包括精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍有关,但都是在转录组学和动物研究而不是遗传研究中发现的。已知这种受体的突变会影响突触连接,并在小鼠中引起异常的社会行为。它也与神经炎性疾病如多发性硬化症有关,不过没有研究显示其在神经发育障碍中的作用。

根据这一假说,研究者们对7000名以上的精神分裂症、自闭症患者和健康受试者进行了一个CX3CR1基因的统计分析,发现了一个突变的候选,由单个氨基酸从丙氨酸转变为苏氨酸,可以作为预测的候选标记。


CX3CR1基因

Yamashita说:“丙氨酸替代苏氨酸是一种罕见的变异。罕见变异改变了基因的功能,但在人群中发生频率较低。它们对于研究没有明显突变原因的复杂疾病很有用处。”

CX3CR1的结构包括一个称为螺旋8(Helix 8)的域,对启动信号级联反应是很重要的。计算机模型表明,一种氨基酸的变化足以破坏信号传递。


CX3CR1三维结构

Yamashita解释说:“变异使疏水性的变为亲水性的,使螺旋8变得不稳定。我们在细胞中过表达突变的CX3CR1发现Akt信号中断了。”

据Yamashita的介绍,这个发现是第一个将小胶质细胞的一种遗传变异和神经发育障碍连接在一起的。此外,他希望这一发现可以成为预测性诊断的基础:“在无症状的病人中没有可靠的诊断精神分裂症或孤独症的方法。深入了解遗传风险因素将有助于我们制定预防措施。”

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    2018-08-10 bsmagic9140
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    2017-09-06 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

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    2017-09-05 Julie W

    日本大阪大学和奈良大学等多家研究单位的研究人员合作.发现蛋白质CX3CR中一个单一的氨基酸替代可能预测精神分裂症和自闭症.相关文章近期发表在Translational Psychiatry上.

    0

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    2017-09-05 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2017-09-05 Julie W

    日本大阪大学和奈良大学等多家研究单位的研究人员合作.发现蛋白质CX3CR中一个单一的氨基酸替代可能预测精神分裂症和自闭症.相关文章近期发表在Translational Psychiatry上.

    0

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    2017-09-05 执着追梦

    学习.谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-09-05 戒馋,懒,贪

    超厉害的说

    0

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