JAMA Intern Med:疗养院髋部骨折者生存率降低

2014-07-08 佚名 中国医学论坛报

美国一项研究显示,在疗养院居住的髋部骨折患者中,特别是接受非手术治疗、年龄较长的老年人和有多种并发症及认知障碍的患者的生存率和活动功能均较低。因此,应将结果相关的预后信息加入此群体的护理计划中。研究6月23日在线发表于《美国医学会杂志·内科学》(JAMA Intern Med)。 此项回顾性队列研究纳入了自2005年7月至2009年6月,髋部骨折住院治疗后在疗养院护理的60111例

美国一项研究显示,在疗养院居住的髋部骨折患者中,特别是接受非手术治疗、年龄较长的老年人和有多种并发症及认知障碍的患者的生存率和活动功能均较低。因此,应将结果相关的预后信息加入此群体的护理计划中。研究6月23日在线发表于《美国医学会杂志·内科学》(JAMA Intern Med)。

此项回顾性队列研究纳入了自2005年7月至2009年6月,髋部骨折住院治疗后在疗养院护理的60111例患者。数据来源于医疗保险索赔记录和疗养院数据集。主要结果包括,髋部骨折后180天内任意原因所致死亡、180天内死亡或总活动依赖性的最新评估综合结果。研究还补充分析了在髋部骨折前后,疗养院内患者7项日常活动(ADL)功能的变化。

结果显示,在60111例患者中,有21766例(36.2%)于骨折后180天内死亡;在基线时不完全运动依赖型患者中,有53.5%于180天内死亡或发展为新增运动依赖型患者(表)。在校正后的分析中,以下人群骨折后生存率下降幅度最大:90岁以上患者[与≤75岁患者相比,风险比(HR)为2.17]、接受非手术治疗的患者(与接受骨折后内固定术的患者相比HR为2.0)以及有并发症的患者[并发症分级(Charl son)得分≥5分与0分者的HR为1.66]。180天内死亡或新增活动依赖的合并风险最高者包括:严重认知障碍患者[与有完整认知的患者相比,相对危险(RR)为1.66]、骨折后接受非手术治疗的患者(与接受内固定术的患者相比RR为1.48)以及90岁以上患者(与<75岁患者相比的RR为1.42)。


同期述评:

美国纽约西奈山医学院布鲁克代尔老年医学和姑息医学系弗雷德和莫里森博士:老年人髋部骨折通常会导致灾难性结果,包括疼痛、无法活动、功能下降、谵妄和死亡。在享有医疗保险的髋部骨折人群中,有13%的患者在3个月内死亡,24%的患者在12个月内死亡。在生存期达到6个月的患者中,只有50%可以恢复至骨折前的日常活动能力。尽管在疗养院长期居住的患者似乎比社区老年居民骨折后功能恢复差,但其髋部骨折后死亡率和长期的功能下降程度鲜有人知。

前述研究中,研究人员评估了60111例髋部骨折后疗养院长期居住患者的生存和功能恢复结果。用回顾性队列研究设计和大型全国数据集记录、分析了髋部骨折后,患者群体的生活方式和存活风险因素以及新增活动依赖人数。在髋部骨折180天内,36%的患者死亡,其中男性患者占46%;在基线时有独立日常活动功能的患者中,有54%在髋部骨折180天内死亡或发展为活动依赖性人群。在这些患者中,风险因素(例如髋部骨折后接受非手术治疗、男性患者、年龄90岁以上、有并发症和严重的认知障碍)与生存率降低及新增活动依赖有较高的相关性。

姑息治疗是一个关注提高患者及患者家属生活质量的新兴跨学科专业,其为重病患者及其家属提供了另一层面的支持(疼痛和症状管理,护理讨论及护理服务协调);而临终关怀则只关注于患者6个月或更少时间内的预后情况、病程是否正常以及哪些患者决定放弃治疗。但是,姑息治疗和临终关怀这两种“老”模式都较少考虑患者功能恢复的情况。

由于患者髋部骨折后具有高死亡率和活动依赖性,因此应在髋部骨折时就给予其姑息护理,并且将姑息护理作为骨折治疗管理后的补充护理。此种方法对于老年患者来说,非常适合并且应该应用于髋部骨折临床护理阶段。

原始出处:

Ko FC, Morrison RS.Hip Fracture: A Trigger for Palliative Care in Vulnerable Older Adults.JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jun 23. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.999.

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    2014-07-10 liuquan
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