J Control Release:通过鼻腔喷入的给药方法有望减轻抗精神病药物的副作用

2021-01-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

麦克马斯特大学(McMaster University)的一个神经科学家和工程师团队发明了一种鼻喷剂,可以将抗精神病药物直接输送到大脑。

精神病学和行为神经科学系教授、麦克马斯特生物医学工程学院主任Ram Mishra教授和加拿大研究主席、化学工程教授托Todd Hoare 在Journal of Controlled Release最新发表的一篇文章中描述了他们的研究。

Mishra教授首先解释到,使用抗精神病药物的病人普遍存在一个问题——口服或注射药物意味着药物在通过血液到达大脑之前必须先通过身体。为了确保足够的口服或注射药物到达大脑,患者服用的药物必须远远超过大脑最终接受的剂量,这有时会导致严重的副作用,包括长期体重增加、糖尿病、药物引起的运动障碍和器官损伤。

当喷雾剂通过鼻子输送时,可以直接通过嗅觉神经进入大脑。

给药效率的飞跃意味着像精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和其他疾病的患者可以明显感受到到他们使用的抗精神病药物剂量减少多达四分之三,预计这将使他们免受有时衰弱的副作用,同时也大大减少了所需治疗的频率。

这种新方法以喷雾剂的方式将药物直接通过鼻子输送到大脑,为患者提供了更方便的使用和改善生活质量的承诺,包括更可靠、有效的治疗。

此前,Mishra教授和他在明尼苏达大学的合作者曾发明了一种水溶性的药物,这种药物也被用于当前的研究中。他们创造的新形式相较于传统给药方式更容易操作,但他们仍然缺乏一个有效的工具来将其送入大脑。而且还存在一个问题,通过鼻子输送的药物通常会很快从体内清除,需要经常重新给药。

而另一方面,Hoare教授一直在与一个工业伙伴合作,开发将玉米淀粉的微观纳米颗粒用于农业应用。机缘巧合之下,两位科学家的实验室研究人员在麦克马斯特的一次内部会议上相遇后一起讨论了给药技术的问题。

Hoare教授的工程团队能够将药物与玉米淀粉纳米颗粒结合,当与一种从螃蟹中提取的天然聚合物一起喷洒时,这种纳米颗粒可以深入鼻腔,并在黏液里形成一层薄薄的凝胶,慢慢释放出一种可控剂量的药物,对精神分裂症症状控制的药效三天内仍有效

在mk -801诱导的临床前精神分裂症大鼠模型中,低剂量(0.5 mg/kg)的PAOPA(多巴胺D2受体的正向变构调节剂)负载SNP-CMCh水凝胶可减轻72小时内的阴性症状,如与精神分裂症相关的行为异常(即减少社会互动时间);相比之下,常规的PAOPA通过腹腔给药需要两倍的PAOPA剂量才能达到仅持续几个小时的治疗效果。这一策略有可能通过微创给药途径大幅降低一系列潜在抗精神病药物的再给药频率和总药物剂量(以及副作用)。“关键是要从通往大脑的后门给药,因为前门被封得很严。这样我们就可以绕过血脑屏障。通过将药物直接送到靶点,避免大脑下方的副作用。

给药方式及药效持续时间

“我们用于工业应用的玉米淀粉纳米颗粒是完美的载体,”Hoare说。“它们是自然产生的,随着时间的推移会分解成单糖,我们只需要对它们进行很少的化学处理就能使这项技术发挥作用,所以它们是很好的生物用途候选。”

所以,逐渐缓释的过程意味着患者只需隔几天服用一次药物,而不必每天服用,或者在某些情况下,每隔几小时服用一次。

总而言之,现有的口服或注射用抗精神病药物给药策略对脑靶向区域的生物利用度通常较低,这刺激了其他给药策略的发展。通过鼻腔的药物输送绕过了到达大脑的多重障碍,但需要非常特殊的药物输送载体才能有效。因此,研究者报道了由氧化淀粉纳米颗粒(SNPs)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCh)组成的原位凝胶和可降解的块状纳米颗粒网络水凝胶,这些水凝胶能够通过喷雾剂、高鼻黏膜滞留和功能性控释肽药物PAOPA。

参考文献:Michael J. Majcher, Ali Babar, Andrew Lofts, Ashlyn Leung, Xiaoyun Li, Fahed Abu-Hijleh, Niels M.B. Smeets, Ram K. Mishra, Todd Hoare. In situ-gelling starch nanoparticle (SNP)/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) nanoparticle network hydrogels for the intranasal delivery of an antipsychotic peptideJournal of Controlled Release, 2021; 330: 738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.050

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    2021-01-18 mnda
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    2021-01-17 14700f5am15暂无昵称

    那能不能把常规的抗精神病药物通过与这种特殊材料结合,从鼻腔给药呢

    0

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    2021-01-17 13c30453m58暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824361, encodeId=190a18243615a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56a932e7800' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32778, encryptionId=56a932e7800, topicName=副作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Tue Jun 01 13:14:17 CST 2021, time=2021-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465875, encodeId=e14814658e576, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=736b103508c6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻腔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103508, encryptionId=736b103508c6, topicName=鼻腔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=224e6763385, createdName=mnda, createdTime=Mon Jan 18 03:14:17 CST 2021, time=2021-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1513104, encodeId=3e62151310485, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdc555596cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗精神病药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55596, encryptionId=bdc555596cd, topicName=抗精神病药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Mon Jan 18 03:14:17 CST 2021, time=2021-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=917559, encodeId=e22991e5599b, content=那能不能把常规的抗精神病药物通过与这种特殊材料结合,从鼻腔给药呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=02af5183749, createdName=14700f5am15暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jan 17 21:20:40 CST 2021, time=2021-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=917437, encodeId=1fa991e437c7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00074131254, createdName=13c30453m58暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jan 17 12:58:33 CST 2021, time=2021-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=917176, encodeId=4d1991e1760e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/04/03/93ed59a42d72d285a4607ed046cd9736.jpg, createdBy=16ed2581300, createdName=薄荷糖OOO, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 17:34:29 CST 2021, time=2021-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=917152, encodeId=5f4991e15260, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79f15400729, createdName=ms7000001829796710, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 15:19:58 CST 2021, time=2021-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=917144, encodeId=44bf91e14429, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6b5559ea5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗精神病药物#</a>鼻腔喷入, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55597, encryptionId=6c6b5559ea5, topicName=抗精神病药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 14:01:53 CST 2021, time=2021-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-16 ms7000001829796710

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    2021-01-16 zb1235672

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