Cell Metab:高血糖是导致糖尿病的结果,还是原因?

2018-03-17 佚名 中国生物技术网

胰岛素抗性和血糖水平升高被认为是2型糖尿病的原因。然而,德国癌症研究中心(DKFZ)和海德堡大学医院的科学家们提出的新证据表明,事实可能完全相反。他们在果蝇上发现代谢物MG(甲基乙二醛)水平升高会引起典型的糖尿病代谢紊乱,并导致胰岛素抵抗、肥胖和血糖升高。这项研究刚发表在《Cell Metabolism》上。

胰岛素抗性和血糖水平升高被认为是2型糖尿病的原因。然而,德国癌症研究中心(DKFZ)和海德堡大学医院的科学家们提出的新证据表明,事实可能完全相反。他们在果蝇上发现代谢物MG(甲基乙二醛)水平升高会引起典型的糖尿病代谢紊乱,并导致胰岛素抵抗、肥胖和血糖升高。这项研究刚发表在《Cell Metabolism》上。

2型糖尿病通常发生在中老年,会导致严重的并发症,包括心脏病和中风风险增加、腿部血液流动问题、严重的眼部损伤、神经和肾脏疾病等。这些危险的结果被认为是由高血糖引起的。当体内细胞无法再对胰岛素产生响应时,就会导致高血糖。

血糖水平与糖尿病症状的严重程度相关。如果使用药物将过高的血糖水平降下来,那么梗塞、中风和血流问题的机率都会减少。

海德堡大学医院内分泌和代谢系的医学主任Peter Nawroth说:“但这只在某种程度上是正确的。近年来的大型临床试验表明,即使利用药物将血糖水平降低至糖尿病阈值以下,很多患者仍然会产生典型的糖尿病症状,神经和肾脏会受到损伤。这表明导致2型糖尿病的分子原因独立于胰岛素和血糖。”

Peter Nawroth和DKFZ癌症与代谢信号传导部门的负责人Aurelio Teleman在2型糖尿病患者中观察到了甲基乙二醛(MG)的高水平糖代谢物。到目前为止,医学人员一直认为这是血糖水平升高所造成的结果。因为MG会破坏蛋白质,所以认为MG一定是导致典型糖尿病症状的元凶之一。然而,鉴于他们最近的研究结果,Teleman和Nawroth这两位代谢学家开始质疑这种观点了。



图像来源:《Cell Metabolism》

当研究人员向小鼠喂食MG食物时,它们会产生很多典型的糖尿病症状,包括胰岛素抗性。海德堡大学的研究人员计划研究MG浓度长期升高对器官造成的影响。他们选择果蝇作为研究模型。Teleman说:“果蝇和人类并不是非常相关。然而,由于能量代谢产生在非常久远的进化过程中,所以这些研究结果也是非常有意义的,通常也可以适用于人类和其他哺乳动物。”

研究人员利用基因工程关闭了果蝇体内分解MG的酶。随后,血糖代谢物MG在其体内大量积聚。这些果蝇很快产生了胰岛素抗性。之后,它们开始变得肥胖,在年龄变大之后,它们的血糖水平也紊乱了。

Teleman继续说:“似乎MG水平升高就足以导致胰岛素抗性和典型的糖尿病代谢紊乱。这个明确的证据表明,MG并不是2型糖尿病的结果,而是原因。”

但是该观察结果也带来了一个问题,是什么导致MG水平升高呢?比如,没患糖尿病的肥胖人士也表现出了MG水平升高的现象。Nawroth说:“我们不知道这是为什么,但这是我们未来研究的一个重要方面。” 

Teleman补充说:“MG的产生和分解受到很多代谢过程的影响,然而我们对此了解甚少。因此,我们迫切地需要进行下一步实验,弄清楚MG水平长期升高会引起哺乳动物的哪些临床症状。”

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    2019-01-08 维他命
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    2018-10-23 一闲
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    2018-04-11 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-04-12 guojianrong
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    2018-03-22 jyzxjiangqin

    高血糖是导致糖尿病的原因.

    0

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    2018-03-19 hbwxf

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