NEJM Evidence:WHO最新研究发现一针HPV疫苗就够了,与三针一样有效(KEN SHE研究)

2022-04-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

宫颈癌,是最常见的性传播感染之一,在男性和女性中会引起各种癌症,是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。临床研究表明人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染,特别是高危型HPV的持续感染,是引起子宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌的重要原因

宫颈癌,是最常见的性传播感染之一,在男性和女性中会引起各种癌症,是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。临床研究表明人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染,特别是高危型HPV的持续感染,是引起子宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌的重要原因。因此接种HPV疫苗对降低女性宫颈癌发病率十分重要。

目前已经发现的HPV型别有200多种,我国普通女性中最常见的高危致癌型别依次是HPV16、52、58。除宫颈癌外,高危型HPV还可能导致肛门、阴道、外阴、阴茎和头颈等部位的癌症。此外,低危型HPV也需要重视,虽然它们不致癌,但是可以引起其它疾病,大约90%的生殖器疣是由HPV6和11引起的。

在全球范围内,宫颈癌每2分钟就会杀死一名女性。其中大部分死亡发生在非洲,占世界宫颈癌病例的80%。然而,由于成本和疫苗供应有限,宫颈癌负担最重的地区的覆盖率一直很低。

此前,世界卫生组织(WHO)建议HPV疫苗使用两剂或三剂方案,但他们现在表示有足够的证据表明一剂足够有效。

2022年4月11日,WHO小组、华盛顿大学医学院、哈佛医学院的研究人员在" NEJM Evidence "期刊上在线发表了一篇题为" Efficacy of Single-Dose Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Young African Women "的研究论文。该研究表明,单剂HPV疫苗可提供与标准三剂方案一样多的宫颈癌保护作用。该研究的发现改变了宫颈癌预防规则,可能会大大降低HPV引起的宫颈癌的发病率,并且可以使消除宫颈癌更近一步。

图片

在该研究中,研究人员分析了2275名没有HPV疫苗接种史的女性,参与者被随机分成三组,大多数参加者(57%)年龄在15-17岁之间,61%的参与者报告只有一个终身性伴侣,并在2018年12月至2021年6月期间进行随访。

第一组,760人接受了针对两种HPV毒株(16/18)的二价疫苗,占病例的70%。第二组,758人接受了针对7种HPV毒株的非价疫苗(16/18/31/33/45/52/58),占病例的90%。第三组,作为对照组,757人接种了预防脑膜炎球菌性脑膜炎的疫苗。

Figure 1

在随访18个月后,研究发现,二价和非价疫苗对HPV 16/18的有效率为97.5%,非价疫苗对HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58的有效率为89%

图片

HPV 16/18 发生率和疫苗功效

 

图片

HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 发生率和疫苗功效

此外,即使女性检测出一种HPV病毒株呈阳性,疫苗也能保护她们免受其他病毒株的侵害

Figure 2

HPV 16/18 infection. HPV denotes human papillomavirus.

Figure 3

HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 infection. HPV denotes human papillomavirus.

研究人员表示,单剂量疗效与多剂量相同,但需要做更多的研究来测试疫苗的持续时间。

目前,全世界只有15%的女性接种了HPV疫苗,HPV疫苗是减少宫颈癌的有力工具,但低收入和中等收入国家的大多数女性无法获得疫苗,而该研究的发现加强了对单剂量HPV疫苗的支持,这可能会增加低收入和中等收入国家的可及性。

总之,该研究表明,单剂量HPV疫苗在预防宫颈癌方面非常有效,类似于多剂量方案。这项发现改变了宫颈癌预防规则,可能会大大降低HPV引起的宫颈癌的发病率,并且可以使消除宫颈癌更近一步。

为此,4月11日,世界卫生组织(WHO)在其官网发布消息,WHO于4月4日-7日召开了免疫战略专家组(SAGE)会议,对1剂次人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)疫苗接种的证据进行了审议。专家组审议认为,只接种1剂次HPV疫苗,可以产生和2-3剂次同样的免疫效果,可有效预防由HPV感染引起的宫颈癌。这将成为宫颈癌防控工作的重要转折点。

世卫组织助理总干事Nothemba Simelela指出,单剂次接种的成本更低、占用资源更少,且更容易管理。也让针对不同年龄段的补种运动更容易开展,减少了需要跟踪管理多次接种带来的挑战,节省下来的卫生经费和人力资源可以用于其他卫生优先事项。

原始出处:

Ruanne V. Barnabas, ,et al. Efficacy of Single-Dose Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Young African Women. https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2100056

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    2022-08-23 贵阳
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    2022-04-13 ms8000001493952932

    学习了

    0

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    2022-04-13 小元

    NEJM上果然牛,感谢梅斯更新及时

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1753640, encodeId=e1401e5364029, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a57e33772b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73377, encryptionId=6a57e33772b, topicName=研究发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7e1736602208, createdName=hanhaisha2020, createdTime=Mon Oct 10 12:47:44 CST 2022, time=2022-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1736375, encodeId=01061e363757f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a421604e721' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#最新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60477, encryptionId=a421604e721, topicName=最新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4bd534165494, createdName=贵阳, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 20:47:44 CST 2022, time=2022-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1210875, encodeId=699012108e527, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=67745626025, createdName=ms8000001493952932, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 15:45:34 CST 2022, time=2022-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1243714, encodeId=f6411243e144e, content=NEJM上果然牛,感谢梅斯更新及时, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=小元, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 11:47:44 CST 2022, time=2022-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1210787, encodeId=1d331210e878f, content=这个研究意义极为重大!<a href='/topic/show?id=2190908259' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HPV疫苗#</a>,这样可以极大节约HPV疫苗,让更多的人能够打到疫苗,让更多的女性受益<a href='/topic/show?id=146246308d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈癌#</a>,这样宫颈癌被消灭不再是梦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9082, encryptionId=2190908259, topicName=HPV疫苗), TopicDto(id=46308, encryptionId=146246308d1, topicName=宫颈癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=赛华佗, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 09:14:46 CST 2022, time=2022-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-13 赛华佗

    这个研究意义极为重大!#HPV疫苗#,这样可以极大节约HPV疫苗,让更多的人能够打到疫苗,让更多的女性受益#宫颈癌#,这样宫颈癌被消灭不再是梦

    0

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