Science:卵子非整倍体受精或是流产和唐氏综合征根源

2015-06-16 何嫱 生物通

一些人类卵子携带着错误数目的染色体,这有可能是导致某些类型的不孕包括反复流产的原因。由英国剑桥医学研究委员会分子生物学实验室(MRC)和剑桥大学波恩诊所(Bourn Hall Clinic)领导,发表在6月5日Science杂志上的一项开拓性的研究,揭示出了发生这种状况背后的一些原因。这项研究中开发的一些革命性的技术或许还可以帮助更好地挑选出体外受精(IVF)所需的卵子。MRC首席研究员Melin

一些人类卵子携带着错误数目的染色体,这有可能是导致某些类型的不孕包括反复流产的原因。由英国剑桥医学研究委员会分子生物学实验室(MRC)和剑桥大学波恩诊所(Bourn Hall Clinic)领导,发表在6月5日Science杂志上的一项开拓性的研究,揭示出了发生这种状况背后的一些原因。这项研究中开发的一些革命性的技术或许还可以帮助更好地挑选出体外受精(IVF)所需的卵子。

MRC首席研究员Melina Schuh博士说:“健康卵子对于生命至关重要,但对于这些卵子形成的机制我们仍然知之甚少。我们的研究工作第一次一步一步地绘制出了人类卵子中的减数分裂过程。这一窥探卵子发育过程的窗口阐明了卵子这样容易包含错误数目染色体的原因,并有可能帮助改善生育治疗。”

利用尖端的成像技术,科学家们研究了100多个未成熟的卵子。他们第一次实时观察了导致人类可受精卵子形成的逐步过程。

在这一过程中卵子必须除去它一半的染色体,另一半的染色体将在受精过程中由精子贡献。然而,人类卵子常常会携带着错误数目的染色体,这一现象就叫做非整倍体(aneuploidy)。卵子非整倍体受精是流产和唐氏综合症发生的主要原因,然而一直以来都不清楚人类卵子如此频繁发生非整倍体的原因。

科学家们现在发现,不同于机体其他的细胞类型,在人类卵子中消除染色体的细胞机器——纺锤体需要很长的时间进行组装,且非常不稳定。这常常导致了细胞分裂过程中纺锤体中染色体的异常排列及染色体分配不均。

研究表明,纺锤体组装机制的差异可以解释相比于其他细胞类型,人类卵子中染色体分离不那么可靠的原因。

人类卵子携带着错误数目的染色体

MRC分子与细胞医学委员会主席Patrick Maxwell教授说:“这项研究工作大大增进了我们对于人类生命起始过程的认识,无论是通过天然受孕还是辅助受孕实现的这一过程。在英国生育治疗每年给成千上万的妇女带来了新希望,由于许多的卵子中包含了错误数目的染色体体,她们仍然面对着流产的风险。”

“这项研究工作将帮助研究人员更深入地了解人类卵子的生成过程,并找到一些方法来减少生育问题。”

剑桥大学波恩诊所所长Martyn Blayney说:“只有通过这样的研究,我们才可以了解反复流产一类令人心碎的疾病的根源。更深入地了解卵子的形成机制将改善我们的胚胎选择技术,最终提高成功率。”

原始出处:

Zuzana Holubcová1, Martyn Blayney2, Kay Elder2, Melina Schuh1,*.Error-prone chromosome-mediated spindle assembly favors chromosome segregation defects in human oocytes.Science, June 5, 2015, 348(6239):1143-1147.DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9529  

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31420, encodeId=e8613142025, content=再次印证, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=15e91543545, createdName=wuyixuansunny, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 13:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29890, encodeId=9c4829890cc, content=不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Mon Jun 29 18:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29311, encodeId=8a652931162, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375058, encodeId=0e5913e50587c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1430532, encodeId=076f1430532d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9b9e9124a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#综合征#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79124, encryptionId=f9b9e9124a8, topicName=综合征)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522307, encodeId=62ba152230e07, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d36d3681414' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卵子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36814, encryptionId=d36d3681414, topicName=卵子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73f511449037, createdName=zlawrance, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539892, encodeId=82c7153989238, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-07 wuyixuansunny

    再次印证

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31420, encodeId=e8613142025, content=再次印证, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=15e91543545, createdName=wuyixuansunny, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 13:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29890, encodeId=9c4829890cc, content=不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Mon Jun 29 18:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29311, encodeId=8a652931162, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375058, encodeId=0e5913e50587c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1430532, encodeId=076f1430532d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9b9e9124a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#综合征#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79124, encryptionId=f9b9e9124a8, topicName=综合征)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522307, encodeId=62ba152230e07, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d36d3681414' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卵子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36814, encryptionId=d36d3681414, topicName=卵子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73f511449037, createdName=zlawrance, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539892, encodeId=82c7153989238, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-29 owlhealth

    不太懂

    0

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    2015-06-25 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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    2015-06-18 jichang
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    2015-06-18 zlawrance
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