COA 2014:严格掌握颈前路融合与非融合手术联合应用适应症

2014-11-27 王义生 第九届COA学术会议

近年来,基于对邻近节段退变(adjacent segment degeneration,ASD)的再认识,颈前路融合与非融合手术方式选择成为一个新的争论话题。争论的焦点是融合手术对ASD的影响,以及非融合手术是否能达到减少ASD的目的。 许多研究报告指出,生物力学改变相邻节段的应力增加和椎间盘退变的自然病程均可能导致ASD,不同视角使得ASD的发生机理仍然没有肯定结论。 多数学者认

近年来,基于对邻近节段退变(adjacent segment degeneration,ASD)的再认识,颈前路融合与非融合手术方式选择成为一个新的争论话题。争论的焦点是融合手术对ASD的影响,以及非融合手术是否能达到减少ASD的目的。

许多研究报告指出,生物力学改变相邻节段的应力增加和椎间盘退变的自然病程均可能导致ASD,不同视角使得ASD的发生机理仍然没有肯定结论。

多数学者认为脊柱融合术加速了ASD的发生,ASD也与患者的年龄、手术时相邻节段间盘状况、术式选择、融合节段长短、钢板安放位置、植骨块或融合器大小、脊柱生理曲度变化、手术创伤、术后外固定时间长短、辅助治疗、患者自我保护与保健、工作性质与劳力强度、生活方式、坐卧姿势等有直接关系。

目前,颈前路减压融合术(anterior cervical decompression and fusion, ACDF)仍是治疗颈椎退变性疾病的主要选择,肯定的疗效得益于脊髓减压和脊柱稳定与脊柱序列的维持。非融合手术对于预防ASD存在着—定优势,颈椎人工间盘置换手术(cervical artificial disc replacement, CADR)的设计理念是代替原来的椎间盘并行使其功能,实现保留运动节段、减少相邻节段继发性退变的目的。

2011年7月1日,卫生部制定了中华人民共和国卫生部卫生行业标准,对于CADR有严格界定,适应证包括颈椎间盘突出症和颈椎病,相对适应证为颈椎间盘源性颈痛。

禁忌证包括:颈椎外伤性骨折脱位,颈椎感染性病变,颈椎肿瘤,全身存在不可控制的活动性感染,有明确的对人工间盘组成材料过敏病史者,身体其他疾病不允许进行手术者。相对禁忌证包括:颈椎后纵韧带骨化症,骨质疏松症,发育性颈椎管狭窄症,颈椎不稳定,颈椎畸形,术后难以配合康复训练者。

可见CADR仅适用于尚无明显或严重退变者,而不适用于许多病例,如椎间隙明显狭窄、椎体间骨桥形成、椎体后缘巨大骨赘、小关节退变、椎间不稳、颈椎后凸、伴有严重骨质疏松或骨缺损等。而且,CADR还有许多问题需要去解决,例如假体松动、磨损和异位骨化甚至自发性融合。因此,脊柱融合术不可能被非融合所完全替代,它们应该是相辅相成的两种技术,可以作为互补。

基于以上认知,在选择颈椎手术方式的争论中又出现了一种新的选择,即颈前路融合与非融合手术联合应用。本人认为,较多数病例不必要联合应用融合与非融合手术,对于确有适应证的颈椎病可以适当应用。最重要的不是手术方式本身,而是严格掌握手术适应证,规范手术操作。

无论采用何种术式,如果违背适应证、操作不规范,得到的临床疗效和术式评价都不是正确的。本人的观点是:(1)采用联合手术的前提是:拟施术节段尤其是拟行CADR椎间隙必须符合适应证,排除禁忌证。减压彻底。(2)当融合节段的两端间隙均能满足CADR要求时,选择生理活动度较大的间隙行CADR(C5/6>C4/5>C6/7>C3/4)。(3)术中先行融合术,再行非融合术。(4)应用联合手术中,CADR用于一个椎间隙。(5)融合节段以采用不需钛钢板固定的Cage为宜。

(6)当融合需要钛钢板固定时,钢板相邻椎间隙应大于5mm,以减少ASD,并为置放CADR预留足够空间。若固定螺钉与人工颈椎间盘接触或相邻极近,必将影响二者的稳定性与长期效果。(7)椎体次全切除、鈦网植骨重建加钛钢板内固定联合CADR的方法有待商榷:CADR术后佩戴颈托制动时间短,可以保护手术部位创伤的顺利恢复,也避免长期制动带来的负面影响。

因此,长劳段融合联合CADR的术后需要制动颈椎时间较长,不能及早恢复颈椎活动,有可能干扰CADR的效果,值得深入研究。


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    2015-04-12 x35042875

    脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别

    0

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    2015-06-17 circumcision
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    2014-11-29 licz0427

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虽然骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)已经被证明可以诱导骨的形成重塑,但目前只有rhBMP-2 (Infuse)和rhBMP-7 (OP-1)两种重组骨形成蛋白被批准应用于临床。据文献报道,BMP目前主要应用于脊柱融合术,但由于在术中应用后引发的炎症反应和软组织水肿和随后出现的吞咽困难、发音障碍、呼吸窘迫等原因,限制了其在脊柱手术中的使用。但对于创伤骨科中使用BMP并出现的围手术期并发症的发生率等情况在文献

综述:椎体融合术后邻近节段退行性病变

既往应用椎体融合术治疗脊柱相关疾病已有100多年的历史,近来美国脊柱融合手术量明显增多,原因可能是大于65岁的老年人口占总人口的比例由2000年的12.4%增加到2030年的19.6%,再加上近几十年来脊柱手术技术的进步。 鉴于目前的医疗环境,骨科医生不得不考虑颈椎、腰椎、腰骶部融合术后一种常见并发症—临近节段发生的退行性病变(adjacent segment disease ,ASD)),

Spine:单独前路腰椎融合术效果可行

腰椎退变被认为是腰椎病或退行性椎间盘疾病。如果不处理,可能会导致腰椎狭窄、小关节退变和退行性腰椎滑脱,最终导致腰痛或坐骨神经痛。手术干预措施包括前路腰椎融合术、360°腰椎融合术、后路脊柱融合和椎间盘置换术。 一般来讲,如果存在椎间盘严重变性、脊柱不稳定、神经根压迫或非手术干预失败,融合手术就会被考虑。过去,后路腰椎融合辅以前路腰椎融合能够充分固定和融合,然而其手术发病率、术后疼痛、住院日均

Spine J:颈5/6前路融合后颈椎曲度不良可致邻近节段退变

颈前路融合术后10年内,邻近节段退变可影响超过四分之一的手术病例。邻近节段退变的危险因素包括:术前即有邻近节段退变,做过颈椎融合,颈椎曲度不良。尸体模型的研究表明,颈椎矢状位曲度不良可增加邻近节段椎间盘压力。 C2和C7之间的Cobb角未描述相对于C7,C2的位置。在矢状位上,C2相对于C7的位置,联系紧密。在对52例因腰椎问题就诊的患者及100名志愿者站立位X线片的研究中发现,C2铅垂

Eur Spine J:腰椎手术患者使用aspirin会增加出血风险

阿司匹林是一类NSAIDs类药物,在临床中较长应用于心血管疾病的预防,也有临床医生将阿司匹林作为血栓的预防用药,并且也取得了不错的效果。随着使用阿司匹林类药物的人群越来越多,其在临床择期手术中的问题开始凸显:即,对使用阿司匹林作为预防药物的患者,在择期手术中是否需要预先停用阿司匹林来减少其可能带来的术后出血风险。早前在spine上也有一篇文献报道,认为在脊柱后路手术过程中,使用阿司匹林作为预防用药

Spine J:肥胖不增加颈椎融合术后并发症

肥胖患者伴发心脏病、高血压、中风、糖尿病和某些癌症的风险。肥胖不仅与昂贵的医疗费用相关,并且与昂贵的手术护理相关,如长的住院日和大的并发症发生率,然而,关于肥胖对颈椎融合结果的影响研究是有限的。 为了调查肥胖对颈椎融合后并发症发生率的影响,来自美国的Buerba学者等,进行了一项前瞻性颈椎融合术的回顾性队列分析,其相关研究结果已在近期的Spine杂志上发表。 采用当前程序上的术语规