JCO:诊断肾母细胞瘤后30-50年,患者的过早死亡的风险大幅增加

2016-06-20 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

根据英国儿童癌症幸存者的研究分析,肾母细胞瘤的幸存者诊断后30至50年的过早死亡的风险正在大幅增加。随后的肿瘤和心脏问题解释了75%的超额死亡。伯明翰大学儿童癌症幸存者研究中心的流行病学Michael Hawkins教授和他的同事们对肾母细胞瘤诊断后50年的不良预后风险进行了研究。具体而言,研究人员评估了导致特定的死亡率、随后的原发性肿瘤的风险、不良妊娠结局的风险、健康状况、吸烟和饮酒、教育程度、

根据英国儿童癌症幸存者的研究分析,肾母细胞瘤的幸存者诊断后30至50年的过早死亡的风险正在大幅增加。随后的肿瘤和心脏问题解释了75%的超额死亡。

伯明翰大学儿童癌症幸存者研究中心的流行病学Michael Hawkins教授和他的同事们对肾母细胞瘤诊断后50年的不良预后风险进行了研究。具体而言,研究人员评估了导致特定的死亡率、随后的原发性肿瘤的风险、不良妊娠结局的风险、健康状况、吸烟和饮酒、教育程度、婚姻状况和健康服务的使用等。

英国儿童癌症幸存者的研究包括以人群为基础的国家登记的1441名儿童肾母细胞瘤的长期幸存者,在队列中的患者的诊断年份为1940-1991年,诊断时年龄≤15岁,无病5年或以上。中位数随访26.9年。

随访期间有10% (n = 146) 的患者死亡,2% (n = 31) 的移民和88%(n = 1264)直到退出日期仍活着。82%(n = 756)的患者接受腹部放射治疗。

总的来说,与预期相比,死亡率高出5倍(标准化死亡率比[SMR] = 5.4;95% CI,4.6-6.4),相当于每10000病人年就有30.7个额外的死亡(绝对过剩风险[AER] = 30.7;95% CI,24.6-36.8)。

病因特异性死亡率最高的是原发性肿瘤(SMR = 7.3;95% CI,5.3-9.8)和心脏疾病(SMR = 10.1;95% CI,6.5-14.9)。随后原发性肿瘤解释了32%的超额死亡(AER = 9.8; 955 CI, 6.4-13.1),肾母细胞瘤复发解释了21%的超额死亡 (AER = 6.4; 95% CI, 3.9-9),心脏疾病解释了19%的超额死亡 (AER = 5.8; 95% CI, 3.3-8.3)。诊断后30年,随后的原发肿瘤解释了50%的超额死亡(AER = 53.8; 95% CI, 30.2-77.4),心脏疾病解释了25%的超额死亡(AER = 27; 95% CI, 10.3-43.7)。

大多数死于复发的案例发生在诊断后5-14年(n = 22/25),诊断后15-24年有3例死于复发,诊断后25年,该数据仅为1。

包括复发在内的全因死亡率在大幅增加,从诊断后30年的5.4%,到诊断后50年的22.7%。诊断后30年、50年出现随后原发性肿瘤的累积风险分别为3.7%(95% CI,2.7-50)和16.4% (95% CI, 10.7-23.2)。所有原发性肿瘤中观察到,超过40%的实在诊断肾母细胞瘤30年后发生。随后的原发肿瘤最常见部位是消化道(n = 17),所有的消化道肿瘤患者接受腹部放射治疗。

此后有941名幸存者(70.5%)完成了问卷调查,以获得更多的分析评估。

184名妇女经历了412次妊娠,接受腹部照射的妇女中,低出生体重、早产和流产的发生率分别为32%、35%和22%。接受腹部放射治疗的长期存活者,分娩时低出生体重儿低出生体重(OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 2.2-4.9),早产儿风险增加(OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 2.1-4.7)。

幸存者使用卫生服务比一般人群多。值得注意的是,长期幸存者更有可能在去年至少住院一次(OR = 2; 95% CI, 2.6-2.6),更有可能在过去三个月时间里门诊至少一次(OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 2.2-3.1).。

长期存活者与一般人群相比,经常吸烟者较少(OR = 0.7, 95% CI, 0.6-0.9),饮酒更少(OR = 0.7, 95% CI, 0.6-0.9),酗酒更少(OR = 0.5, 95% CI, 0.3-0.7);男性幸存者结婚的可能性更小(OR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9)。

研究者没有发现幸存者教育水平的差异。

“总体而言,辐射对这些结果的风险起到一定作用。近几十年来肾母细胞瘤患者暴露于放射治疗的比例已大幅减少,”研究人员写道。“然后诊断后30年以上的大部分幸存者接受放射治疗的较多,对这些患者的监测应着眼于随后的原发性肿瘤,特别是消化道和乳腺肿瘤,还有患者的心脏状况。”

原始出处:

Wong FK, et al.Risk of Adverse Health and Social Outcomes Up to 50 Years After Wilms Tumor: The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.J Clin Oncol. 2016;doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.64.4344.

Mortality risk persists beyond 30 years following Wilms’ tumor diagnosis
.Healio.June 15, 2016

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    2017-02-07 lidong40
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    2016-09-12 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错

    0

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