DRG付费来势汹汹 民营医院该如何突围?

2019-06-02 佚名 新浪医药新闻

5月20日,国家医保局召开疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)付费国家试点工作启动视频会议。会议宣布将在30个城市开展DRG付费试点工作,该工作按照“顶层设计、模拟运行、实际付费”分三年有序推进,通过试点实现“五个一”的目标,即制定一组标准、完善一系列政策、建立一套规程、培养一支队伍、打造一批样板。 DRG付费,是根据住院病人的病情严重程度、治疗方法的复杂程度、诊疗的资源消耗(成本)程度以及合并症、并


5月20日,国家医保局召开疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)付费国家试点工作启动视频会议。会议宣布将在30个城市开展DRG付费试点工作,该工作按照“顶层设计、模拟运行、实际付费”分三年有序推进,通过试点实现“五个一”的目标,即制定一组标准、完善一系列政策、建立一套规程、培养一支队伍、打造一批样板。

DRG付费,是根据住院病人的病情严重程度、治疗方法的复杂程度、诊疗的资源消耗(成本)程度以及合并症、并发症、年龄、住院转归等因素,将患者分为若干的“疾病诊断相关组”。以组为单位打包确定价格、收费、医保付费标准,同一组疾病医保支付相对固定的费用给医院,结余部分归医院,超支部分由医院承担。

DRG付费真的来了,这意味着在这30个试点城市里的上万家医保定点付费的民营医院也要面临着DRG问题。面对控费的新风标,占据我国医疗机构半壁江山的民营医院又该如何应对?

我国民营医院现状:数量赶超公立医院,服务总量、规模小

前不久,国家卫健委发布《2018年我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报》。《公报》显示,2018年公立医院数量为12032个,对比2017年公报中的12297个,公立医院数量减少265家。相较之下,民营医院数量突飞猛进,由2017年的18759个增加到了20977个,增加2218家。

改革开放后,我国非公医疗机构的发展才步入正轨。这当中,民营医院慢慢成为了其主要力量。在由丁香园主办的2019年中国医院发展大会上,中国医院协会民营医院管理分会常务副会长赵淳对我国民营医院的发展现状进行了剖析。他指出,从2005年~2019年,我国的民营医院从3200多家增长到20404家,平均两年增长一倍,占了国家医院总数的63.8%。其中,2005年到2015年是其高速发展期。2017年,民营医院的数量已经超过了公立医院。并且,不同于过去,民营医院的办院理念也在发生转变,开始逐渐得到社会、患者的认可。

例如一批民营医院分别通过国家医院评审,通过十多年的诚信创建,目前全国共有300余所民营医院获得全国百姓放心百佳示范医院,它们是我国民营医院的排头兵和领军者,建立了我国民营医院东西南北中的格局。不过,尽管我国民营医院已占了全国医院总数的63.8%,但是服务总量并不高,只有20%。

总体来看,我国民营医院进入了快速发展期,但整体呈现出“快而不强、规模偏小、服务能力不强”等特点,众多医院还没有摆脱边缘化小专科夹缝当中求生存的现状,全国2万所民营医院中有1.8万所民营医院都有这样的情况。

DRG付费浪潮下,这类民营医院将出局!

去年底,国家医保局下发文件对即将开展按疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)付费试点的城市做出了5点要求,其中有两点硬性要求是:1.试点城市医保信息系统具有相对统一的医保药品、诊疗项目和耗材编码,能够提供近三年的完整、规范、标准化医保结算数据;2.试点城市诊疗流程基本规范,具有较强的病案编码人员队伍及健全的病案管理制度;可以提供分组必须的近三年的完整、规范、标准化的医疗相关数据。

据赵淳介绍,目前开展DRG付费的医疗机构主要集中在公立医院,由于多方面的综合原因,民营医院数据信息化建设极为匮乏,能开展的DRG付费的民营医院少之又少。

从专业性看,DRG的全部内容和指标均来源于病案首页,其每一个数据项均可能影响到DRG数据值与评价结果。病案的诊断和处置编码以及入/出院信息的完整是制约DRG分组准确性的决定因素。

赵淳告诉我们,在病案首页填写中,如果主要诊断选择错误,医保肯定不能按病种疾病付费。此前,北京中卫云医疗数据研究院用5000万份病案首页数据对临床诊断明确、手术方式明确、ICD编码不受版本影响的100个病种进行深入挖掘分析,结果发现错误编码导致该入组的病种无法入组,得不到该病种费用的报销,绝对影响医院的医保收入。对民营医院来说将直接影响到钱袋子。

国家施行DRG付费来势汹汹,给所有的医院都会带来一定的冲击,涉及的不仅仅是医保付费一个方面,对民营医院来说影响可能更为深远。特别是一批医疗服务质量不高,数据信息不完善、病案编码技术极度缺乏的民营医院。

美国民营医院在DRG付费改革下的命运就是“前车之鉴”。资料显示,美国施行DRG付费政策15年后,在DRG付费之外的民营医院倒闭50%左右。

DRG付费已来,民营医院有何应对之策?

在DRG付费的大浪潮下,民营医院又有什么应对之策呢?赵淳表示,民营医院的当务之急是要认识到医院的病案首页数据质量是DRG核心的核心。而病案首页数据质量,又与医院病案专业人员掌握疾病编码的水平、临床医师是否真实准确填报密不可分,目前很多公立医院已经开始重视对全员病案首页填报质量的培训。因此,民营医院也要行动起来。

国家医保局在此次视频会议中提到,试点城市按照“顶层设计、模拟运行、实际付费”分三年有序推进DRG付费。对此,赵淳亦建议,在数据信息化时代,民营医院未来三五年内一定要重点抓数据,民营医院若是没有具备按DRG付费的能力,社会地位、收入都将会受到影响。另外,打铁还需自身硬。赵淳认为,民营医院可以在专科建设上发力,与公立医院进行差异化发展。在他看来专科越精,服务半径越大,还能快速提高医院品牌。提供更优的临床质量,这种价值导向式转型能全面提升医院差异化的竞争能力。

从另一个角度来说,民营医院积极建设DRG指标体系,也是一条自我提升路径。DRG产品专家谭小刚曾在公开场合表示,这将改变民营医院知名度靠广告的现状,实现非公立医院与公立医院的以数据为依据的标化比照,对打造以医疗质量为核心的民营医院品牌提供了土壤。

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    2019-06-03 tsing_hit
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