PNAS:颠覆了!出生顺序并不会影响机体的人格

2015-10-25 sunshine 译 MedSci原创

颠覆了!出生顺序并不会影响机体的人格长久以来,对于出生顺序与人格的关系一直存有争议,目前公众普遍认为,出生顺序可影响机体的人格,但是既往研究显示,出生顺序仅与智力之间存在着微弱的关系,与人格的关系却并未有研究证实。来自德国美因茨和莱比锡大学的心理学家分析了德国、美国及英国的2万余名成人。结果发现,核心人格特点,如外向性、情绪稳定性、亲和性以及责任感等,并不会受机体出生顺序的影响。但是,研究人员发现

长久以来,对于出生顺序与人格的关系一直存有争议,目前公众普遍认为,出生顺序可影响机体的人格,但是既往研究显示,出生顺序仅与智力之间存在着微弱的关系,与人格的关系却并未有研究证实。

来自德国美因茨和莱比锡大学的心理学家分析了德国、美国及英国的2万余名成人。结果发现,核心人格特点,如外向性、情绪稳定性、亲和性以及责任感等,并不会受机体出生顺序的影响。

但是,研究人员发现,出生顺序对机体的智力会有微弱的影响,第一胎出生的孩子更容易用丰富的词汇来描述自己,理解抽象的概念也更容易,这一点肯定了以前的研究结果。虽然出生顺序对智力的影响在此大型样本量的研究中得到了证实,但是二者之间的关系着实微弱,所以出生顺序对机体智力水平的影响并无多大的意义。此外,尽管后来出的孩子其智力测试的得分较低,但是40%的弟弟妹妹较他们的哥哥姐姐更聪明。

有些人认为家庭环境影响了孩子智力的变化。虽然家庭中成人多孩子少,整体的智力环境水平还是很高,但是孩子的到来降低了这个水平。成人/孩子的智力比发生了改变,而且后来出生的孩子得到父母的关注也并不完整。

Stefan Schnukle教授评论道:

“我们研究发现出生顺序对人格维度并没有任何的实质性影响。这不仅与著名的心理学理论相悖,也否定了多数人的知觉。”

原始出处:

Birth order 'does not affect personality'. MNT, 24 October 2015.

Julia M. Rohrer,Boris Egloff, Stefan C. Schmukle. Examining the effects of birth order on personality. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences (PNAS), doi: 10.1073/pnas.1506451112, published 19 October 2015.

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    2016-01-10 drwjr
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    2015-12-05 lyh994

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