N Engl J Med:肿瘤突变负荷能为纳武单抗一线治疗晚期NSCLC争取一席之地吗

2017-06-29 佚名 肿瘤资讯

晚期NSCLC一线含铂化疗的中位PFS为4~6个月,OS为10~13个月。针对一线含铂方案进展晚期NSCLC,2项3期研究证明较标准二线多西他赛联合纳武单抗显着延长OS。尽管肺腺癌中PD-L1表达增加疗效提高,但总体上纳武单抗疗效与PD-L1表达相关性差。1期checkmate012研究,初治晚期NSCLC20例,其中10例PD-L1表达≥5%,ORR 50%,24周PFS率70%,中位PFS 1

背景

晚期NSCLC一线含铂化疗的中位PFS为4~6个月,OS为10~13个月。针对一线含铂方案进展晚期NSCLC,2项3期研究证明较标准二线多西他赛联合纳武单抗显着延长OS。尽管肺腺癌中PD-L1表达增加疗效提高,但总体上纳武单抗疗效与PD-L1表达相关性差。1期checkmate012研究,初治晚期NSCLC20例,其中10例PD-L1表达≥5%,ORR 50%,24周PFS率70%,中位PFS 10.6个月,扩大样本研究PD-L1表达增加临床疗效提高,但PD-L1低表达或阴性纳武单抗仍有效。依据前期结果将PD-L1表达≥5% NSCLC作为研究人群,因较PD-L1表达<5%患者PFS获益更大。考虑到免疫系统复杂性,除PD-L1外还对肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)进行探索性分析。本次主要报道checkmate026研究首要研究终点。

方法
主要入排标准:初治鳞癌或非鳞癌Ⅳ期或复发NSCLC;ECOG评分0~1分;PD-L1表达≥1%;无症状脑转移可入组;排除EGFR或ALK阳性;排除自身免疫疾病及使用皮质醇激素患者。分层因素:PD-L1表达水平(≥5%对比<5%)、组织学类型(鳞癌对比非鳞癌)。

2014年3月至2015年4月间随机1:1分入纳武单抗组(nivo组)或含铂化疗组。nivo组进展后允许继续使用nivo。化疗组进展后可交叉接受纳武单抗治疗。

首要研究终点为独立数据中心(ICR)评价PD-L1表达≥5%患者的PFS。次要研究终点为总体人群PFS、PD-L1≥5%患者的OS和ORR。探索性指标TMB定义为全外显子测序肿瘤体细胞错义突变数量,分为3组:低负荷(0~99)、中负荷(100~242)、高负荷(≥243)。

结果
1.患者和治疗:分析患者1325例,最终纳入541例(41%),nivo组271例,化疗组270例。423例(78%)PD-L1≥5%。两组基线特征大体均衡,但较化疗组,nivo组女性少(32%对比45%)、PD-L1≥50%比例低(32%对比47%)、肝转移多(20%对比13%),且nivo组肿瘤负荷更重。中位随访13.7个月,nivo组和化疗组中位治疗时间分别为3.7个月和3.4个月。化疗组培美曲塞维持治疗占38%。nivo组RECIST评估进展后继续接受纳武单抗治疗77例(29%),其中,纳武单抗治疗≥6周期26例。PD-L1≥5%nivo组211例,继续纳武单抗治疗39例(18%),92例(44%)。化疗组,后续抗肿瘤药物治疗136例(64%),其中纳武单抗治疗120例,交叉率58%。

2.疗效:首要研究终点PD-L1≥5%患者PFS两组无差异,nivo组和化疗组分别为4.2个月和5.9个月(HR1.15,P=0.25)。nivo组和化疗组中位OS分别为14.4个月和13.2个月(HR1.02)。总体人群PFS和OS亦无差异。PD-L1≥5%患者,nivo组和化疗组ORR分别为26%和33%,nivo组较化疗组PD发生率高(27%对比10%)。nivo组和化疗组中位起效时间分别为2.8个月和2.6个月。纳武单抗组中位有效时间(DOR)较化疗组明显延长(12.2个月对比5.7个月)。亚组分析,肺鳞癌纳武单抗PFS和OS有延长趋势但无差异;PD-L1≥50%亚组,PFS和OS的HR分别为1.07和0.90,nivo组和化疗组ORR分别为34%和39%。因研究未预设PD≥50%分层,nivo组和化疗PD≥50%患者分别为88例和126例,两组不均衡。

3.TMB分析:312例(58%)患者进行TMB分析,高水平TBM两组不均衡(nivo组占30%,化疗组占39%)。高水平TMB亚组,nivo组和化疗组ORR分别为48%和28%,PFS分别为9.7个月和5.8个月(HR0.62),见图1,但OS与TMB水平无关,可能是化疗组高水平TMB患者68%交叉接受nivo治疗。TMB与PD-L1表达无关(P=0.0059),但是,高水平TMB且PD-L1≥50%患者ORR75%,而仅高水平TBM患者ORR32%,仅PD-L1≥50%患者ORR34%,两者均没有患者ORR16%。

4.安全性:治疗相关任何水平AEs纳武单抗组和化疗组分别为71%和92%,3~4级治疗相关AEs纳武单抗组较低(18%对比51%)。治疗中断发生率nivo组和化疗组分别为10%和13%。

结论

纳武单抗一线治疗PD-L1≥5%晚期NSCLC较化疗未能显着延长PFS,OS两组类似。较化疗纳武单抗更安全。

启示

Checkmate026研究没有达到首要研究终点,较一线化疗纳武单抗没有延长PD-L1阳性(PD-L1≥5%)晚期NSCLC的PFS和OS。OS无获益原因可能是化疗组进展后大部分交叉接受纳武单抗治疗。该研究化疗组和nivo组不均衡,化疗组有更多预后好因素(肝转移少、肿瘤负荷低和女性患者多),另外nivo组PD-L1≥50%患者比例低于化疗组。

在Keynote024研究,派姆单抗对比化疗一线治疗PD-L1≥50%晚期NSCLC,中位PFS10.3个月对比6个月,ORR 45%对比28%,但在Checkmate026研究中,PD-L1≥50%亚组也未观察到纳武单抗在ORR和PFS较化疗有优势,尽管2组患者数不均衡。

在生物标志物探索性分析中,高TMB亚组纳武单抗的ORR较化疗明显提高(47%对比28%)且PFS明显延长(9.7个月对比5.8个月),因为后续交叉率较高OS无差异。接受纳武单抗治疗高TBM患者,中位OS超过18个月,1年OS64%。TBM水平和PD-L1水平无相关性,但该研究未纳入PD-L1<1%。Checkmate026研究最大贡献是证明高水平TMB免疫治疗有效性增加理论,但是该研究未对TMB预设分析,需前瞻性验证。

原始出处:
Carbone, D. P., et al. First-Line Nivolumab in Stage IV or Recurrent Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 22;376(25):2415-2426. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613493.

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    2017-11-05 spoonycyy
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    2018-03-08 haouestc
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    2017-06-29 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-06-29 lovetcm

    PD-L1应该大于25%?

    0

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