Cell Metab:神奇!减肥竟可逆转2型糖尿病!

2018-08-04 Michael,Zoe 转化医学网

临床研究发现在被确诊患有2型糖尿病6年且进行降体重干预的患者中大约有一半的研究对象其血糖水平恢复到了正常人水平。对于该现象的理论解释众说纷纭,最新发表于《Cell Metabolism》的一篇文章揭示了这其中的奥秘。同时该研究结果也挑战了β细胞在2型糖尿病不可逆转的观点。


导  读

临床研究发现在被确诊患有2型糖尿病6年且进行降体重干预的患者中大约有一半的研究对象其血糖水平恢复到了正常人水平。对于该现象的理论解释众说纷纭,最新发表于《Cell Metabolism》的一篇文章揭示了这其中的奥秘。同时该研究结果也挑战了β细胞在2型糖尿病不可逆转的观点。

2型糖尿病与β细胞

据世界卫生组织称,糖尿病影响全世界大约4.22亿人。大约90%的糖尿病患者是2型糖尿病,该疾病是一种机体胰岛素产生不足或对胰岛素反应不敏感的病症。IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%204" target="_blank">胰腺中的β细胞产生的胰岛素有助于IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%202" target="_blank">血液中的葡萄糖糖进入肌肉,脂肪和肝脏中的细胞,进而维持机体的获取能量,而2型糖尿病患者这一糖代谢调控途径出现异常进而出现相应的临床症状。

长期以来,2型糖尿病一直被认为是随着时间推移而进行性恶化的终身疾病。这种传统观点最近受到英国糖尿病缓解临床试验(DiRECT)研究结果的挑战。

临床研究结果的进一步深入研究

在研究开始后6年随访时间里,被诊断患有2型糖尿病的参与者被随机分配到最佳护理组(对照组)和强化体重管理组(干预组)。1年后,干预组有中46%的患者成功恢复到正常体重,同时他们的血糖水平也均达到或接近正常血糖水平。

为了了解这其中潜在病理生理学机制,Taylor和他的研究团队检测了64名DiRECT参与者可能相关的代谢因素,例如肝脏脂肪含量、胰脂肪含量、甘油三酯血液浓度和β细胞功能。

他们发现,成功实施减肥计划患者的代谢情况在干预前与那些对减肥后血糖仍没变化患者的情况相似,但糖尿病病程较短(2.7岁与3.8岁)。减肥后恢复血糖水平者和没有恢复血糖水平者均减掉了一定的体重,这均导致肝脏脂肪含量,胰脂肪含量和血液中甘油三酯浓度的降低。

然而,只有减肥后血糖恢复者的β细胞功能发生了逆转。特别是这些恢复血糖的患者和没恢复者之间存在最显着的第一阶段胰岛素反应差异。胰腺β细胞响应血糖浓度增加分两个阶段分泌胰岛素。

第一阶段由最初10分钟的短暂分泌组成,这一调控机制通常在2型糖尿病患者体内消失。体重减轻后,减肥应答患者的第一阶段胰岛素分泌增加,但在无应答者中没有变化。

意义重大:T2D患者β细胞功能或可逆转!

最终的研究结果表明,减轻体重能使所有2型糖尿病患者的脂肪代谢恢复正常水平,但血糖水平是否恢复正常水平取决于胰岛β细胞恢复能力。

然而,98%的参与者是白人,因此需要进一步的研究来评估结果的适应性。 此外,参与者仅进行了12个月的体重维持评估,因此还需进行长期研究。

2型糖尿病病情的逆转,最终归因于胰腺β细胞的再分化,这将引领下一步针对性的研究工作,在接下来的研究中研究者需要阐明胰腺β细胞的再分化与血糖恢复程度的具体关系。

原始出处:

Roy Taylor ,et al.Remission of Human Type 2 Diabetes Requires Decrease in Liver and Pancreas Fat Content but Is Dependent upon Capacity for β Cell Recovery.Cell Metabolism.Published:August 02, 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.003

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    2019-05-29 一闲
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    2018-12-30 guojianrong
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    2018-08-31 维他命
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    2018-08-08 易水河

    如果是这样很好

    0

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    2018-08-04 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2018-08-04 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

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    2018-08-04 lietome2

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。

    0

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