Neuron: 中国科学院范祖森团队揭示肠道血清素能神经元促进结直肠癌细胞生长

2022-05-28 周科 “神经周K”公众号

人类肠道神经元有 400-600 亿个,几乎等于脊髓中的神经元数量,可调控肠道菌群,并与中枢神经系统存在联系。

结直肠癌患者在接受治疗后产生对化疗药物和放疗的抵抗,并能够诱导肿瘤复发,这与结直肠癌干细胞(CSCs)密切相关。CSCs是一小群具有自我更新和分化能力的肿瘤细胞,促进结直肠癌 (CRC)的发生、转移、耐药和复发。

2022年5月11日中国科学院生物物理研究所范祖森、中国科学院大学田勇、郑州大学生命科学学院朱平平研究团队在Neuron杂志上发现抑制性神经递质5-羟色胺可增强结直肠癌干细胞自我更新能力,促进肿瘤生长。

人类肠道神经元有 400-600 亿个,几乎等于脊髓中的神经元数量,可调控肠道菌群,并与中枢神经系统存在联系。

在肠道中绒毛的Tph1(色氨酸羟化酶1)阳性肠嗜铬 (EC) 细胞和肠肌丛中的Tph2(色氨酸羟化酶2)阳性 5-羟色胺能神经元合成5-羟色胺 (5-HT)。5-HT 可激活肠道内的乙酰胆碱 (Ach),而Ach可促进肠道干细胞的增殖。

图1:不同神经递质对结直肠肿瘤生长的影响

研究人员发现在谷氨酸、多巴胺、神经肽P、甘丙肽、神经紧张素、5-HT等11种神经递质中,只有5-HT可明显增强CSC的自我更新能力,促进这些肠癌干细胞成簇状生长,这依赖于Ach。血清素转运体可再摄取5-HT,敲除该受体后小鼠5-HT浓度增加,促进结直肠肿瘤形成。

图2:敲除Tph1和Tph2后结直肠肿瘤生长情况

为进一步弄清楚结直肠肿瘤模型小鼠中5-HT的来源,他们发现敲除Tph2后肿瘤模型小鼠表现为CSC的数量减少,CSC的标志基因表达减少,增殖能力减弱,并明显抑制肠道肿瘤的生长,而在敲除Tph1并不影响CSC的增殖能力,对肿瘤生长几乎无影响。

在特异性诱导肠肌丛中的Tph2阳性5-HT能神经元死亡后能够抑制肿瘤生长,这些结果表明肠肌丛中的Tph2阳性5-HT能神经元产生的5-HT可促进CSC的增殖和肿瘤生长。

已有研究表明wnt/β-catenin、Notch 和 Hedgehog 信号通路调控CSC的增殖。在这些信号中,研究人员发现5-HT处理后能够激活wnt/β-catenin信号,血清素转运体敲除小鼠结肠瘤中β-catenin水平增加。在给予wnt/β-catenin信号通路特异性抑制剂后可明显阻断5-HT引起的促肿瘤生长的作用。

进一步的实验表明5-HT可增加β-catenin稳定性,而敲除5-HT受体后破坏β-catenin稳定性,这些结果表明5-HT通过增强β-catenin稳定性启动wnt/β-catenin信号,进而促进CSC的增殖,发挥促进肿瘤生长。

图3:抑制wnt信号或5-HT活性后抑制肿瘤生长

给予wnt信号拮抗剂或5-HT受体抑制剂后能够明显结直肠癌模型小鼠肿瘤的生长和扩散,并能增加小鼠的生存率。抗肿瘤药物5-氟尿嘧啶并不能有效抑制结直肠癌的生长,但和5-HT受体抑制剂联用后发挥协同作用,明显抑制肿瘤生长。这些结果更进一步证实5-HT通过wnt/β-catenin信号发挥促进肿瘤生长的作用。

进一步通过临床研究发现在结直肠肿瘤患者中5-HT水平升高,并与wnt/β-catenin信号通路靶向基因c-MYC成正相关。

研究人员将供体结直肠癌小鼠肠道菌群移植到受体正常小鼠后,肌间丛细胞Tph2水平升高,肠道代谢产物异戊酸水平也明显升高。该代谢产物可明显增加5-HT和Tph2水平,这就表明结直肠癌小鼠肠道菌群来源的异戊酸增加Tph2水平,促进5-HT释放,发挥促肿瘤生长作用。

总的来说,本文发现在结直肠癌中肠道神经元产生的5-HT通过与结直肠癌干细胞表达的5-HT受体结合激活wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进肿瘤生长。

原始出处:

Pingping Zhu, et al. 5-hydroxytryptamine produced by enteric serotonergic neurons initiates colorectal cancer stem cell self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Neuron, 2022.

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    2023-02-11 qjddjq
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    2022-08-06 by2021
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    2022-05-29 yxch36
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