Pediatrics:超声可准确诊断小儿肺炎

2015-03-23 linda 医学论坛网

欲寻求小儿肺炎诊断替代方法的儿科医生或将多一有效诊断方法——肺部超声(LUS)。美国儿科学会会刊《儿科学》(Pediatrics)3月16日在线发布的一项荟萃分析显示,经培训的医生应用LUS诊断肺炎的特异性和灵敏度高。肺炎是导致全球儿童死亡的首位原因。但由于年龄及感染原因各异,患儿呈现的症状也各不相同,因此导致小儿肺炎的诊断尤为困难。此外,部分症状并不能排除小儿肺炎,却可能提示存在其他疾病。医生常

欲寻求小儿肺炎诊断替代方法的儿科医生或将多一有效诊断方法——肺部超声(LUS)。美国儿科学会会刊《儿科学》(Pediatrics)3月16日在线发布的一项荟萃分析显示,经培训的医生应用LUS诊断肺炎的特异性和灵敏度高。

肺炎是导致全球儿童死亡的首位原因。但由于年龄及感染原因各异,患儿呈现的症状也各不相同,因此导致小儿肺炎的诊断尤为困难。此外,部分症状并不能排除小儿肺炎,却可能提示存在其他疾病。医生常应用胸片来辅助诊断肺炎,但其实这往往不准确,而且对医疗资源匮乏的区域而言,费用也极其昂贵。

来自美国马里兰州圣约翰•霍普金斯大学的Maria A. Pereda医学博士及其同事对既往将LUS用于小儿肺炎诊断的研究进行了荟萃分析。他们发现,LUS诊断小儿肺炎的灵敏度达96%,特异性达93%。

“尽管我们的研究表明,专家应用LUS诊断肺炎的灵敏度和特异性最高;但同时也表明非专家级别的医生应用LUS诊断肺炎的准确性也很高。”研究人员称。

相较胸片,LUS诊断具有诸多优势。美国儿科协会建议慎用胸片,因电离辐射对儿童可能存在不良影响,而且胸片阴性的结果并不能排除肺炎的可能。此外,在医疗资源有限的区域未必能实现拍胸片。相反,LUS较低廉,安全,便于携带,且易学。

“建议对普通儿科医生进行LUS小儿肺炎的诊断的培训,在各种临床实践中可能具有重要意义,”研究人员称,“尤其是对于资源匮乏的国家,及不能经常拍胸片的小诊所。”

研究人员也注意到了研究中所存在的一些不足,包括大多数被纳入分析的研究的受试者的样本量少,分析的研究数量也很少。不同研究之间在数据收集及研究实施的方法方面存在明显差异。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1637057, encodeId=33ff163e0575a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Tue Dec 08 23:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=64521, encodeId=c4f564521ec, content=超声应用越来越多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/14/d0501100fdfe783cab0715811e01c133.jpg, createdBy=51ed1602754, createdName=mengli1984, createdTime=Tue Feb 16 21:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32613, encodeId=e0d832613d5, content=了解了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9c501632215, createdName=1dd8ea20m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 17:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958411, encodeId=1b9e19584115f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=766713993a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pediatric#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13993, encryptionId=766713993a1, topicName=Pediatric)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55ce62, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 07:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056809, encodeId=49272056809e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b19d4693144' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小儿肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46931, encryptionId=b19d4693144, topicName=小儿肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ba9118, createdName=makuansheng, createdTime=Sat Oct 17 13:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725793, encodeId=e2e41e25793ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Jun 28 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18678, encodeId=571c186e8e3, content=如果真的话,X线就没人用了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Mon Mar 23 20:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-16 mengli1984

    超声应用越来越多

    0

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    2015-07-13 1dd8ea20m15(暂无匿称)

    了解了

    0

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    2015-10-25 hbwxf
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    2015-06-28 feather89
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    2015-03-23 lovetcm

    如果真的话,X线就没人用了

    0

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