European radiology:肺动脉高压(PAH)、肺静脉闭塞性疾病及肺毛细血管血管瘤并(PVOD/PCH)的双能量CT肺灌注特征

2022-07-13 shaosai MedSci原创

在第六届世界肺动脉高压(PH)研讨会上将PAH重新分类,成人PAH类别包括特发性PAH、遗传性PAH、药物和毒素引起的PAH、与不同疾病相关的PAH、对钙通道阻滞剂有长期反应的PAH。

肺动脉高压(PAH)是肺动脉高压的原因一直,其特点是肺小动脉的增生性重塑和纤维化。在第六届世界肺动脉高压(PH)研讨会上PAH重新分类,成人PAH类别包括特发性PAH、遗传性PAH、药物和毒素引起的PAH、与不同疾病(结缔组织病、HIV感染、门静脉高压、先天性心脏病、血吸虫病)相关的PAH、对钙通道阻滞剂有长期反应的PAH以及有静脉/毛细血管受累明显特征的PAH。 后者也被称为肺静脉闭塞性疾病和/或肺毛细血管瘤病(PVOD/PCH),被认为是PH的一个难以诊断的亚组。

在对PH的潜在原因进行分层时,目前的指南建议进行V/Q肺部闪烁术来寻找CTEPH。CTEPH的识别是基于对无灌注但通气功能保留的肺段或亚段的识别。自双能CT(DECT)问世以来,人们对DECT肺灌注图像上的肺部微循环的分析产生了极大的兴趣。虽然这些图像不是严格意义上的灌注图像,但可作为肺部灌注评估的适当替代标记物。在PH方面,DECT肺灌注主要在CTEPH中进行了研究,显示出与闪烁术检测灌注缺陷的良好一致性以及与PH严重程度的血流动力学估计的良好相关性。据我们所知,目前还没有具体的研究来评估DECT肺灌注提供PAH和PVOD/PCH之间明显特征。

近日,发表在European radiology杂志的一项研究比较了DECT检查中特发性或遗传性PAH和PVOD/PCH的肺部灌注变化,并分析了这两种疾病中报道的PE型灌注缺陷以及潜在的肺部形态学变化。

63名特发性或遗传性PAH患者(A组;n = 51)和PVOD/PCH患者(B组;n = 12)接受了DECT血管造影与形态学和灌注图像重建的研究。 

A组(35/51;68.6%)和B组(6/12;50%)之间灌注异常的患者数量没有差异(P = 0.31),每个患者的平均灌注异常节段数也没有差异(A组:17.9 ± 4.9;B组:18.3 ± 4.1;P = 0.91)。最常见的发现是A组存在斑块状缺损(15/35;42.9%),B组存在灌注异常的不同关联(4/6;66.7%)。每位患者有PE型缺陷的节段的中位数百分比在B组明显高于A组(P = 0.041)。8名患者有两种类型的PE型缺陷(A组:5/51;9.8%;B组:3/12;25%),叠加在PH相关的肺部异常(7/8)或正常肺(1/8)。异常灌注患者的碘浓度明显较低(P<0.001),但组间无差异。 


 一个64岁的非吸烟特发性PAH女性患者的双能量CT图像。在上叶水平获得的1毫米厚的灌注图像显示周边的小叶楔形灌注缺陷(箭头)。b 1毫米厚的CT横断面(肺部图像)与a所示相同,显示肺部衰减的镶嵌模式。箭头所指的是低衰减区域,叠加在a所示的小叶低灌注区域

本研究表明,DECT灌注异常在PVOD/PCH和特发性或遗传性PAH之间没有差异,但PVOD/PCH中具有PE型缺陷的节段比例较高,叠加了严重程度不同的PH相关的肺实质异常,这为进一步阐明其病理生理提供了思路及参考。

原文出处:

Briac Lefebvre,Maeva Kyheng,Jessica Giordano,et al.Dual-energy CT lung perfusion characteristics in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PVOD/PCH): preliminary experience in 63 patients.DOI:10.1007/s00330-022-08577-x

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    2022-09-24 feather89
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    2023-02-06 fusion
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    2022-07-12 hb2010ye

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