Lancet:基因治疗无脉络膜症临床研究获进展(Phase 1/2)

2014-01-19 MedSci MedSci原创

无脉络膜症(choroideremia),又称全脉络膜血管萎缩、进行性脉络膜萎缩、进行性毯层脉络膜萎缩。由Mauthner于1872年首次报道,最初从眼底的表现观察到与原发性视网膜变性有所不同,认为是脉络膜的缺失。经过长期观察发现,脉络膜与色素上皮并不是先天性发育不良而是后天进行性消失,故又称为进行性RPE(视网膜上皮色素细胞,retinal pigment epitheliu

无脉络膜症(choroideremia),又称全脉络膜血管萎缩、进行性脉络膜萎缩、进行性毯层脉络膜萎缩。由Mauthner于1872年首次报道,最初从眼底的表现观察到与原发性视网膜变性有所不同,认为是脉络膜的缺失。经过长期观察发现,脉络膜与色素上皮并不是先天性发育不良而是后天进行性消失,故又称为进行性RPE(视网膜上皮色素细胞,retinal pigment epithelium)营养不良性变性或进行性RPE脉络膜变性,但习惯上仍多沿用无脉络膜症。其特点是双眼进行性发病,自幼夜盲,弥漫性全层脉络膜毛细血管及RPE萎缩,最后脉络膜完全消失。本病为X染色体隐性遗传病,由CHM基因的突变引起,这个基因编码Rab护卫蛋白1(REP1)。

目前,研究人员采用一种新的基因治疗方法,使这种疾病患者的视力得以恢复。这项技术,利用单次注射,将眼部的一个有缺陷基因,替换为这个基因的正常工作拷贝。

这项I/II期试验的研究结果,发表在2014年1月16日的《柳叶刀》(The Lancet)杂志上,支持在更常见遗传因素造成的失明(包括老年退行性疾病如黄斑变性,和遗传缺陷如色素性视网膜炎)中,进一步开发这种最先进的治疗方法。

无脉络膜症,每50,000个人中有一个人会受到这种疾病的影响。由于脉络膜、视网膜色素上皮细胞和视网膜的退化,这种疾病能够引起视力的逐渐丧失。对于无脉络膜症,还没有很好的治疗方法,最终感光细胞(photoreceptor cells,视网膜中的视杆细胞和视锥细胞,会通过给大脑的视觉处理区域发送信号,对光做出响应)也会退化,从而导致中年期的完全失明。

这项研究由英国牛津大学的Robert E MacLaren教授带领,他解释道:“这种疾病中的细胞退化是相当缓慢的,这就为我们提供了一个相当大的时间窗口,能够在视觉丧失发作之前,进行干预。”

MacLaren及其同事们,在35-63岁之间、处于无脉络膜症不同阶段的6位患者中,评估了基因疗法对视网膜和视功能的治疗效果。他们将一个载体——一种经基因方法改造的腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus,AAV),注入患者视网膜,将这个基因的矫正版本,传递到眼部的适当部位,从而终止感光细胞的死亡。

这种疗法没有造成伤害,使视觉的主观测量得到好转。在基因传递6个月后,所有患者都恢复了视力,两位患者表现出实质性的视力改善。重要的是,与未治疗的眼睛灵敏度丧失相比,患者的感光敏感度增加。

根据MacLaren教授介绍:“这是第一次,在临床上显著的视网膜变薄发生之前,将基因治疗用于治疗正常视敏度的患者。我们的研究,为基因治疗用于预防其它视网膜疾病(例如年龄相关的黄斑变性)引起的失明,带来了很大的希望。”

约翰霍普金斯大学的Hendrik Scholl和法国de la Vision研究所的José Sahel在一篇相关评论中写道:“在无脉络膜症中,基因治疗的最终目的是,使视网膜免遭进一步的退化。这项新研究的短期随访,还不能得出有关长期预防退化的任何结论;的确,形态学评估结果表明,退化是相当连续的。是否靶定REP1的基因治疗将会对光感受器退化的进展产生影响,还有待进一步确定。即使疗效只是轻微的,都可能具有重要的积极影响,因为有靶定光感受器的额外治疗途径,能够帮助挽救或恢复视觉功能。”

原始出处:
Retinal gene therapy in patients with choroideremia: initial findings from a phase 1/2 clinical trial.The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 16 January 2014 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62117-0

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    2014-07-31 sweetai

    非常强大的研究,赞一个

    0

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    2014-09-24 howi
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