BMC Med:口服糖尿病药物对亚洲人初级保健中糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c) 的影响

2022-02-14 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

口服降糖药(OADs)可显著降低糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平。然而,生活方式改变和OAD依从性的差异影响了它们对血糖控制的实际效果。

背景:临床试验表明,口服降糖药(OADs)可显著降低糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平。然而,生活方式改变和OAD依从性的差异影响了它们对血糖控制的实际效果。此外,关于OAD对糖化血红蛋白的剂量调整和停用的证据也缺乏。本研究旨在使用真实世界的数据来确定OAD起始、加量、减量和停用对初级护理的亚洲患者糖化血红蛋白水平的影响。

方法:从2015年1月到2019年12月,对新加坡初级保健诊所网络管理的临床诊断为2型糖尿病(T2 DM)的亚洲多民族成年患者进行了为期5年的回顾性队列研究。来自5个不同类别(双胍、磺脲、二肽基肽酶-4[DPP-4]抑制剂、钠-葡萄糖共转运体-2[SGLT-2]抑制剂和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂)的9种OAD进行了评估。根据处方模式,患者被分成“无OAD”、“加量”和“减量”三组。对于“滴定器”队列,确定了各种OAD剂量。随后,对每次使用前后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)值进行描述性分析,以计算确定的每个独特剂量的平均差值。

结果:在57,910名患者中,43,338人至少使用一次OAD,总共有76,990人的HbA1c值与OAD剂量相关。总共有206个独特的OAD剂量。总体而言,OADs的启动分别导致HbA1c降低3~12 mmol/mol(0.3~1.1%)。这些结果略低于临床试验中报道的6~14 mmol/mol(0.5~1.25%)。加量、减量和停药引起的HbA1c水平变化分别为:−1~−8 mmol/mol(−0.1~−0.7%),+1~7 mmol/mol(+0.1~+0.6%),+2~11 mmol/mol(+0.2~+1.0%)。DPP-4抑制剂和SGLT-2抑制剂对HbA1c的降低率分别为8~11 mmol/mol(0.7%~0.9%)和7~11 mmol/mol(0.6%~1.0%)。

表1 使用二甲双胍后HbA1c值的变化(HbA1c以毫摩尔/摩尔表示)

表2 使用格列吡嗪后HbA1c值的变化(HbA1c以毫摩尔/摩尔表示)

表3 使用格列齐特后HbA1c值的变化(HbA1c以毫摩尔/摩尔表示)

图1不同OAD剂量下HbA1c的变化(HbA1c以mmol/mol表示)。白色方框中的剂量是指每日药物的总剂量。箭头上的数字表示HbA1c的变化。箭头的方向表示加量(向右箭头)或减量(向左箭头)。缩写:HbA1c=糖化血红蛋白,OAD=口服降糖药

结论:本研究中亚洲T2DM患者的真实数据显示,OAD启动和剂量变化的幅度略低于临床试验的结果。在选择治疗方案的共同决策过程中,使医生能够通过口服药物对初级保健患者血糖控制达到预期效果。

原文出处:Fang HSA,  Gao Q,  Tan WY,et al.The effect of oral diabetes medications on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Asians in primary care: a retrospective cohort real-world data study.BMC Med 2022 Jan 26;20(1)

 

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    2022-10-11 Smile2680
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