Nature:为什么要接种第三针国产灭活疫苗?最权威的解释来了

2022-04-26 生物谷 生物谷

接受3个剂量的mRNA疫苗的个体,有一个多样化的记忆B细胞组合,可以快速反应并产生能够清除Omicron等多样化变体的抗体。

最近,国内疫情多发。截止4月26日,国内新增确诊7000多例,新增无症状15000多例。虽然许多接种过疫苗或在恢复期的个体仍感染了SARS-CoV-2的omicron变体,但统计发现,接种三针国产灭活疫苗可显著降低奥密克戎感染者疾病的严重程度。然而,第三针疫苗并不是针对变异体设计的。近日,来自洛克菲勒大学的研究学者在Nature上发表了一篇题为“Increased Memory B Cell Potency and Breadth After a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Boost”的研究论文,解释了第三针疫苗为什么可有效预防变异体诱导的严重疾病。

在本研究中,他们研究了接受三个mRNA疫苗剂量的人的纵向队列中的记忆B细胞谱系。研究发现,针对SARS-CoV-2的第三剂量mRNA疫苗伴随着抗受体结合域特异性记忆B细胞的增加和进化,这种增加是由于接种第二剂疫苗后存在的记忆B细胞克隆的扩展以及新克隆的出现。第三针疫苗扩大了持续存在的记忆B细胞克隆,并扩大了以前未被发现的克隆群,这些克隆带有表明生殖中心存在的变异。与第二剂后获得的抗体相比,这些细胞所编码的抗体显示出明显的效力和广度增加。值得注意的是,效力的增加在新发展的记忆细胞克隆中特别明显,这些克隆与持续存在的克隆不同,它们针对的是RBD的更多保守区域。

研究发现,被动给药的抗体对SARS-CoV-2感染有保护作用,如果早期提供,可以预防严重疾病。第三剂量的mRNA疫苗可以提高对包括Omicron在内的多种SARS-CoV-2变体的血浆抗体反应,但其水平不足以预防许多人的突破性感染。第三剂疫苗也引起了记忆B细胞数量的增加,这些记忆B细胞表达更有效和更广泛的抗体。虽然该研究数据并不排除Omicron特异性记忆在之前就已经存在并且不受增强剂影响的可能性,但其他人已经证明增强剂增加了Omicron-RBD结合记忆B细胞的频率。该研究的抗体克隆数据为增殖后观察到的Omicron特异性记忆B细胞的增加提供了一个机制上的解释。表达更有效和更广泛抗体的记忆B细胞似乎并没有对循环血浆抗体水平做出贡献,但在面临疫苗或感染形式的抗原时,它们在3-5天内产生大量的抗体,若同时给予抗体可以防止症状加速恶化。

图 第三次接种疫苗后的抗SARS-CoV-2 RBD记忆B细胞

总的来说,在接种第3剂mRNA疫苗后,记忆区块中超过50%的分析中和抗体中和了Omicron。因此,接受3个剂量的mRNA疫苗的个体,有一个多样化的记忆B细胞组合,可以快速反应并产生能够清除Omicron等多样化变体的抗体。

参考文献:

Muecksch, F., Wang, Z., Cho, A. et al. Increased Memory B Cell Potency and Breadth After a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Boost. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04778-y

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2078885, encodeId=5cc520e888516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48865242bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65242, encryptionId=f48865242bb, topicName=活疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 13:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885752, encodeId=31c51885e52dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 27 16:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215189, encodeId=df39121518919, content=国产的是灭活疫苗,Nature上发的是mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39455459726, createdName=ms2000000029536886, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 23:49:01 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215100, encodeId=b1c71215100d0, content=写错了吧,明明是第三针mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b262206632, createdName=120c7951m16(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Apr 27 20:06:57 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2078885, encodeId=5cc520e888516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48865242bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65242, encryptionId=f48865242bb, topicName=活疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 13:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885752, encodeId=31c51885e52dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 27 16:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215189, encodeId=df39121518919, content=国产的是灭活疫苗,Nature上发的是mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39455459726, createdName=ms2000000029536886, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 23:49:01 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215100, encodeId=b1c71215100d0, content=写错了吧,明明是第三针mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b262206632, createdName=120c7951m16(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Apr 27 20:06:57 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-27 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2078885, encodeId=5cc520e888516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48865242bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65242, encryptionId=f48865242bb, topicName=活疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 13:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885752, encodeId=31c51885e52dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 27 16:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215189, encodeId=df39121518919, content=国产的是灭活疫苗,Nature上发的是mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39455459726, createdName=ms2000000029536886, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 23:49:01 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215100, encodeId=b1c71215100d0, content=写错了吧,明明是第三针mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b262206632, createdName=120c7951m16(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Apr 27 20:06:57 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-27 ms2000000029536886

    国产的是灭活疫苗,Nature上发的是mRNA疫苗

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2078885, encodeId=5cc520e888516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48865242bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65242, encryptionId=f48865242bb, topicName=活疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 13:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885752, encodeId=31c51885e52dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 27 16:31:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215189, encodeId=df39121518919, content=国产的是灭活疫苗,Nature上发的是mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39455459726, createdName=ms2000000029536886, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 23:49:01 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215100, encodeId=b1c71215100d0, content=写错了吧,明明是第三针mRNA疫苗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b262206632, createdName=120c7951m16(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Apr 27 20:06:57 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-27 120c7951m16(暂无昵称)

    写错了吧,明明是第三针mRNA疫苗

    0