左臀部原发性小汗腺腺癌1 例

2019-12-22 李刚刚 朱龙飞 李照强 中国皮肤性病学杂志

患者男, 55 岁。左臀部暗紫色结节7 年余,疼 痛1 个月。约7 年前,无明显诱因患者左臀部出现 一结节,偶有轻度瘙痒, 7 年来皮损逐渐增大,但无 破溃、渗液,未予治疗, 1 个月前,患者皮损处在受 压、久坐后出现轻微刺痛,外力去除后疼痛缓解。患 者既往体健,无吸烟、饮酒史。家族中无类似病史。

1 临床资料

患者男, 55 岁。左臀部暗紫色结节7 年余,疼 痛1 个月。约7 年前,无明显诱因患者左臀部出现 一结节,偶有轻度瘙痒, 7 年来皮损逐渐增大,但无 破溃、渗液,未予治疗, 1 个月前,患者皮损处在受 压、久坐后出现轻微刺痛,外力去除后疼痛缓解。患 者既往体健,无吸烟、饮酒史。家族中无类似病史。

体检:系统查体未见明显异常。皮肤科情况:左侧臀 部可见一约1. 5 cm ×2. 2 cm 大小暗紫色结节,无红 肿、破溃,边界清楚,质地较韧,压痛阳性( 图1) 。皮 损组织病理示:表皮不规则增生,真皮内可见嗜碱性 上皮样细胞组成的肿瘤团块,细胞异型性明显,瘤团 周围可见裂隙,局部向腺腔分化,可见坏死及黏液样 物质沉积( 图 2) 。免疫组织化学: EMA、 CEA、 CK7阳性, CK20、 PSA、 CD31 阴性, P63 部分阳性, Ki67 阳性小于5 %( 图3) 。诊断:小汗腺腺癌。


图1 左侧臀部可见约1. 5 cm ×2. 2 cm 大暗紫色结节,表面 光滑,界限清楚


图2 表皮不规则增生,真皮内可见嗜碱性上皮细胞组成的肿瘤团块,肿瘤细胞异型性 明显,肿瘤团块周围可见裂隙,局部向腺腔分化可见黏液样物质沉积


图3 免疫组织化学 ( ×100)

2 讨论

汗腺癌是较少见的皮肤附属器恶性肿瘤,常发 生于面部、腋窝及上肢,多见于中、老年人, 50 ~ 70岁发病率高。临床多表现为单发皮下无痛性缓慢生 长的肿块,表面呈红色或其他颜色。病史长达 2 个 月 ~ 40 年[1],汗腺癌被分为小汗腺癌和大汗腺 癌[2]。其中小汗腺癌更为罕见,这种浸润性、实质 性的恶性肿瘤具有高度转移性,故临床应高度重视, 小汗腺癌大部分发生于头面部、腋下及胸壁等处,以 头皮好发。多呈单发红色或暗褐色结节,位于表皮 下或者真皮层,界不清,质地坚硬,部分病例尚伴有 疼痛[3]。 汗腺癌病因及发病机制尚不完全清楚,主要可 能与 TP53 基因突变有关。TP53 基因位点突变或者 缺失可能诱发本病。并且在 TP53 蛋白、 CerbB2 基 因过表达癌组织中,如分化程度较差,预后亦较差。 另外长期慢性的损伤、感染、日光照射、电离辐射等 也是诱发因素[4]。 小汗腺癌好发于手臂部及头颈部,其发病率低, 缺乏特异性症状、体征,诊断主要依靠病理。小汗腺 癌为实质性结节或者肿块,呈紫红色或者暗红色,质 硬,可以原发,也可在原有良性肿瘤基础上发生恶 变,以头面部多见,还可发生于 身体任何部位[5],发生在臀部 的病灶少有报道。本例患者肿 瘤起源于小汗腺分泌部,故诊断 为:小汗腺腺癌。 该病诊断须依靠组织病理 学,病理学特点为: ①表皮不规 则增生; ②真皮内可见嗜碱性上 皮样细胞组成的肿瘤团块; ③肿 瘤团块呈索状或巢状,呈浸润性 生长,在胶原间穿插分布,深达 皮下组织,肿瘤团块有筛状结构 形成; ④肿瘤细胞异型性明显, 可见病理性核分裂象; ⑥肿瘤有 腺腔分化,腺腔无断头分泌; ⑦肿 瘤细胞侵及腺上皮细胞及腺腔。 该病注意与转移性腺癌相 鉴别, X 线、 CT、 MRI、 PET-CT 等 检查有助于与 转 移 瘤 相 鉴 别[6]。汗腺癌需与血管瘤、脂 肪瘤、淋巴瘤及其他恶性肿瘤 ( 如基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、 黑素瘤等) 相鉴别。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

李刚刚,朱龙飞,李照强,白帆等,左臀部原发性小汗腺腺癌1 例[J],中国皮肤性病学杂志,2019,33(11)1295-1300.

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    2020-02-14 Homburg
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    2020-09-08 yese
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    2019-12-24 147dd504m25暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2019-12-24 184****9840

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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