Nat Commun:普洱茶通过影响肠-肝对话发挥减肥降脂的功效

2019-11-05 HFJ ZAH 健康代谢

Nature期刊的子刊Nature Communications在线发表了上海交通大学附属第六人民医院转化医学中心对普洱茶减肥降脂的作用机制的研究成果,贾伟课题组黄凤杰博士为论文第一作者。研究首次系统揭示了普洱茶通过改变肠道菌群结构,促进肝脏胆固醇、甘油三酯分解代谢的作用机制。

Nature期刊的子刊Nature Communications在线发表了上海交通大学附属第六人民医院转化医学中心对普洱茶减肥降脂的作用机制的研究成果,贾伟课题组黄凤杰博士为论文第一作者。研究首次系统揭示了普洱茶通过改变肠道菌群结构,促进肝脏胆固醇、甘油三酯分解代谢的作用机制。

普洱茶(Pu-erh Tea)原产于云南西双版纳、普洱一带,是以云南特有的大叶种晒青毛茶为原料,采用特殊的工艺制成的发酵茶,在民间已有1800多年的使用历史。近年来,随着人们生活水平的不断提高,高脂血症、肥胖等代谢性疾病日益增多,具有减肥降脂功效的普洱茶在世界范围内倍受青睐。有关普洱茶的减肥降脂作用早在1985年就由日本学者Mistsuaki Sano在大鼠实验研究中报道,但其作用机制一直以来都没有明确。贾伟教授领导的研究团队在10年前开始了对普洱茶的研究,谢国祥、赵爱华博士先后对普洱茶的化学成分、储存不同年份后化学成分的变化,饮用普洱茶后其化学成分在人体中的吸收、分布、转化的动态变化过程,以及对人体代谢网络的影响进行了系统的研究,发现普洱茶进入人体后一些特征性的代谢变化,其中最为突出的是能引起一系列与肠道菌代谢相关的代谢物的变化,提示饮用普洱茶很可能改变和调整了肠道细菌的结构。

在以上研究基础上,通过给正常和高脂饮食小鼠饮用普洱茶26周,发现饮用普洱茶后小鼠在饮食量不改变甚至增加的情况下,体重分别明显低于没有饮茶的对照组,同时血清和肝脏的总甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平明显降低。志愿者饮用普洱茶4周后亦显示明显的降低血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平的效果。

我们对饮茶的小鼠肠道内容物、粪便和志愿者粪便进行肠道细菌的测序分析,发现肠道和粪便中含胆盐水解酶(BSH)的细菌丰度显着降低,进一步结合元基因组学研究显示BSH活性功能亦明显下降。通过肠道内容物、粪便的体外培养实验证实BSH功能活性在饮茶后呈现显着下降。而肠道细菌BSH主要功能是降解结合型胆汁酸,其活性的减弱使得从胆囊流入小肠的结合型胆汁酸水平明显升高,尤其是牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(TCDCA)和牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)的升高。为了寻找导致细菌BSH功能下降的普洱茶有效成分,我们采用了生物信息学相关分析技术研究了茶中化学成分与肠道细菌的相关性,发现普洱茶中含量较高的多酚类聚合物—茶褐素与BSH菌有高度的相关性。为了验证这一结果,我们进一步给小鼠饮用茶褐素,发现8周后就显示出与普洱茶相当或更明显的(降低胆固醇和甘油三酯)表型效果,证明了茶褐素是普洱茶中减肥降脂的有效化学成分。

近年美国Frank J. Gonzalezy研究小组报告在小鼠模型中结合型胆汁酸T-bMCA(牛磺-b-鼠胆酸)是胆汁酸肠道核受体FXR的天然配体[6],对FXR具有显着的抑制作用。我们的研究表明饮茶后结合型胆汁酸TCDCA、TUDCA的升高明显抑制了FXR,进而抑制了肠道FGF15/FGF19-FGFR4信号通路,激活肝脏胆汁酸合成酶的活性,促进了胆固醇合成胆汁酸的代谢过程,从而降低胆固醇水平。而肝脏合成胆汁酸水平的增加,使得肝脏中鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA)增加,CDCA的持续增加则不断激活了肝脏FXR-SHP信号通路,这条信号通路的激活会进一步激活肝脏胆汁酸替代合成途径中的关键酶CYP7B1活性。所以,普洱茶引起的胆汁酸合成的增加主要作用于肝脏胆汁酸替代合成途径CDCA通路上。

为了阐明以上分子作用机制,我们在无菌小鼠上分别移植了高脂饮食和高脂饮食饮用茶褐素的小鼠的肠道细菌,结果显示移植了茶褐素肠道细菌的小鼠体重、血脂指标明显低于移植了高脂饮食的对照组小鼠,表明肠道细菌对表型的改变具有至关重要的作用。我们紧接着在给予茶褐素干预的小鼠实验中同时给予肠道FXR的特异性激动剂Fexaramine或FGF19蛋白,结果显示二者均能逆转由茶褐素所引起的小鼠血脂指标、胆酸合成水平以及信号通路的改变,说明特异性抑制肠道FXR-FGF15 /19信号通路是茶褐素降低胆固醇水平的关键环节。进一步利用腺相关病毒载体技术分别对小鼠肝脏CYP7A1和CYP7B1进行敲减,并给予茶褐素,结果表明敲减CYP7B1后茶褐素不再具有降低小鼠血清胆固醇水平的效果,而敲减CYP7A1后茶褐素仍然具有效果,充分说明茶褐素降低胆固醇作用是通过特异性促进肝脏胆汁酸的替代合成途径实现的。

我们对普洱茶的这一系统性的机制研究提示,包括肥胖、脂肪肝、糖尿病在内的代谢性疾病的发生和发展过程与肠道微生物结构性的变化密切相关,而如何把握肠道微生物的致病性变化并采用针对性的干预措施正日益成为目前医药研究领域中的热点和重点,正如贾伟教授十多年前在Nature Reviews DrugDiscovery提出的,肠道微生物将会是未来众多慢性代谢性疾病的药物作用靶点。

原始出处:
Huang F1,2, Zheng X1, Ma X3, et al.Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea attenuates hypercholesterolemia via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Nat Commun. 2019 Oct 31;10(1):4971. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12896-x.

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    2020-08-26 lovetcm

    #普洱茶#的这一系统性的机制研究提示,包括#肥胖##脂肪肝##糖尿病#在内的#代谢性疾病#的发生和发展过程与#肠道微生物#结构性的变化密切相关

    0

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    2020-09-28 liuli5079
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    2020-02-14 liye789132251
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    2019-11-07 hbwxf
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813456, encodeId=269181345628, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=046959942be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#普洱茶#</a>的这一系统性的机制研究提示,包括<a href='/topic/show?id=3ad9818917c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=890e8438e3e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪肝#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=4f77e665253' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病#</a>在内的<a href='/topic/show?id=a06a25432dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#代谢性疾病#</a>的发生和发展过程与<a href='/topic/show?id=b1fd816e094' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物#</a>结构性的变化密切相关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59942, encryptionId=046959942be, topicName=普洱茶), TopicDto(id=81891, encryptionId=3ad9818917c, topicName=肥胖), TopicDto(id=84387, encryptionId=890e8438e3e, topicName=脂肪肝), TopicDto(id=76652, encryptionId=4f77e665253, topicName=糖尿病), TopicDto(id=25432, encryptionId=a06a25432dc, topicName=代谢性疾病), TopicDto(id=81670, encryptionId=b1fd816e094, topicName=肠道微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Aug 26 16:14:54 CST 2020, time=2020-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2087620, encodeId=d9ec208e6207f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Mon Sep 28 14:52:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883972, encodeId=0bd818839e207, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 00:52:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1402385, encodeId=861514023859c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=862e8e196a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#茶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87196, encryptionId=862e8e196a1, topicName=茶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/eTyQ1TyLVfyaGrflWSd1Jw4u1F68ibicmN32DE38FjEW3zTIKeFeaMUAQsjyqaL4QZ3lRibFIzziacMz9niceznOTTw/132, createdBy=03082405249, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Thu Nov 07 03:52:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048285, encodeId=3ddf104828548, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Nov 05 15:52:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-05 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

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