Neurology:小纤维神经病的发病率、患病率、纵向损伤和残疾

2021-10-30 Naomii MedSci原创

孤立性SFN并不常见,但发病率在增加。大多数患者不会出现严重的神经损伤和残疾,但有多种并存,包括心血管缺血事件,并增加了SFN发病的死亡率。

      据报道,小纤维神经病(SFN)是一种常见疾病,在一项大型研究中人群患病率为53/100,000。症状的典型疼痛性质、自主神经受累,以及缺乏围绕临床特征和结果的数据可能会使患者苦恼不已。美国最近(2015年10月)才提供特定的SFN ICD-10诊断代码(G628),共识诊断标准已经出现,并将有助于预见性指导、人群分类和研究设计。当前的诊断标准强调定量检测的价值,有助于诊断的准确性。不同的SFN定量方法,如表皮内神经纤维密度(IENF)、温控性汗液试验(TST)、定量感觉试验(QST)(热痛、冷感)和自主神经反射筛查(ARS),包括定量运动自主神经反射试验(QSART),增强了定位和客观测量。

      许多早期对SFN单独或联合进行的研究没有包括纵向结果、详细的神经学检查,也没有排除患有单纯性肾小球疾病的患者。一项使用 sf-36问卷调查生活质量的研究发现在评估时身体机能评分显著下降。表皮内神经纤维的进行性丧失已被报道,但与临床残疾没有相关性。两项研究记录了部分 SFN患者随时间推移的临床和神经生理稳定性: 在22个月为46% (n = 21),在5.3年为75% (n = 16)。

      近日,有研究评估了起病时无大纤维受累(单纯)的SFN患者的发病率和患病率,并从人群的角度纵向评估患者的合并症、累积的神经损害(躯体和自主)、残疾和死亡率。特发性和假定的继发性(因果)形式分别用于损伤和残疾。对接受免疫治疗的患者的结果也进行了回顾。采用基于地理和人群的方法进行配对对照纵向随访,包括与无神经病变的患者和早期的全身性神经病变队列进行比较。

       研究者将明尼苏达州奥姆斯特市和邻近县的检测确认的SFN患者与匹配的对照组(1998年1月1日至2017年12月31日)进行了3:1的比较。

  • 在研究期间,94名SFN患者被确认,发病率为1.3/10万/年,患病率为13.3/10万。平均随访6.1年(0.7~43年),平均发病年龄54岁(14~83岁)。
  • 女性(67%)、肥胖(平均体重指数30.4vs28.5)、失眠(86%vs54%)、阿片类止痛药处方(72.0%vs46%)、高甘油三酯血症(180mgdl平均vs147mgdl)和糖尿病(51.0%vs22%,p<0.001)更常见(OR3.8-9.0p<0.03)。
  • SFN患者没有自我认定为残疾,MRS中位数为1.0(范围0-6),对照组为0.0(0-6),p=0.04。
  • 查尔森合并症(中位数6,范围3-9)明显高于对照组(中位数3,范围1-9),p<0.001。心肌梗死发生率为46%,对照组为27%(p<0.0001)。
  • 分类包括:特发性(70%);糖尿病(15%);干燥(2%);AL-淀粉样蛋白(1%);转甲状腺素-淀粉样蛋白(1%);Fabry(1%);狼疮(1%);病毒后(1%);路易体(1%)和多因素(5%)。发生足部溃疡的有17人,其中71%患有糖尿病。
  • 大纤维神经病的发生率为36%,自SFN发病起平均5.3年(0.2-14.3年)。
  • 中位起病综合自主神经严重度评分(CASS)为3,变化/年0.08(范围0~2.0)。中位神经病变评分(NIS)在发病时为2(范围0-8),变化/年+1.0(范围-7.9至+23.3)。
  • NIS和CASS变化>1点/年仅发生在AL-淀粉样蛋白、遗传性转甲状腺素-淀粉样蛋白、Fabry、未控制的DM和Lewy小体。
  • SFN患者的病死率为19%,高于对照组的12%(P<0.001),50%继发于DM并发症。

      孤立性SFN并不常见,但发病率在增加。大多数患者不会出现严重的神经损伤和残疾,但有多种并存,包括血管缺血事件,并增加了SFN发病的死亡率。随着时间的推移,大纤维受累和糖尿病的发展是常见的。靶向检测有助于糖尿病的介入治疗,也有助于风湿病和罕见遗传形式的治疗。

文献来源:https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2021/10/27/WNL.0000000000012894.long

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    2021-11-01 axin012
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    2021-10-31 1487042cm12暂无昵称

    学习

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