Am J Kidney Dis:两种外科动静脉内瘘术式比较:椭圆型经皮动静脉瘘VS外科动静脉瘘(Gracz术)

2021-10-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

动静脉内瘘术是维持性血液透析患者常用的血管通路,具有安全、血流量充分、感染机会少等优点。一般内瘘的使用可维持4~5年。动静脉内瘘应选择非优势侧手臂。静脉的选择应较表浅,且分支少。

动静脉内瘘术是维持性血液透析患者常用的血管通路,具有安全、血流量充分、感染机会少等优点。一般内瘘的使用可维持4~5年。动静脉内瘘应选择非优势侧手臂。静脉的选择应较表浅,且分支少。本研究比较了椭圆型经皮动静脉瘘(Ellipsys 经皮术)和前臂近端gracz型手术动静脉瘘,因为它们是在同一解剖位置构建的。

典型的gracz型近端桡动脉至深交通静脉动静脉瘘照片,这种结构与椭圆形经皮动静脉瘘相同。

研究者回顾了34个月期间所进行的所有血管通路手术。研究组包括89个经皮动静脉瘘组和69个手术动静脉瘘组,使用累积发生率函数,通过竞争风险生存分析评估每个动静脉瘘(AVF)组的通畅率。

两组的技术成功率均为100%。经皮动静脉瘘的平均手术时间为14分钟,外科动静脉瘘的平均手术时间为74分钟(P<0.001)。所有经皮AVF病例均使用桡动脉近端(PRA)。外科动静脉瘘的流入端包括桡动脉(30%)、尺动脉(12%)和肱动脉(58%)。两组的流出静脉均为头静脉和/或贵要静脉。访问流量、成熟时间和每个患者年的干预总数没有显著差异。外科AVF在12个月时原发性通畅失败的累积发生率较低(47%vs64%,P=0.1),但两组之间继发性通畅失败的发生率没有差异(20%vs12%,P=0.3)。PRA外科动静脉瘘具有相似的一期通畅率(65%vs64%,P=0.8),但在12个月时,二期通畅失败率高于经皮动静脉瘘(34%vs12%,P=0.04)。

血管通路通畅失败的累积发生率:(A)主要通畅率和(B)次要通畅率

经皮和外科动静脉瘘均显示出较高的技术成功率和继发通畅率。经皮动静脉瘘的手术时间更短,二者干预率相似。当远端桡动脉AVF不可行时,可通过经皮AVF来建立一个安全和功能性的通路,为进一步的前臂近端外科AVF创造可能。

参考文献:

Shahverdyan R , Beathard G , Mushtaq N , et al. Comparison of Ellipsys Percutaneous and Proximal Forearm Gracz-Type Surgical Arteriovenous Fistulas[J]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2021(20).

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    2021-11-12 fusion
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    2021-10-13 gwc389

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