AJKD:血液透析患者新发房颤抗凝药物的使用及阿哌沙班的给药适宜性

2021-10-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

21%接受血液透析的终末期肾病(ESKD)患者会发生心房颤动(AF)。

21%接受血液透析的终末期肾病(ESKD)患者会发生心房颤动(AF)。2012年,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准阿哌沙班用于肌酐清除率为25ml/min的房颤患者。该标准随后被调整,新纳入年龄为80岁或体重为60公斤的ESKD患者。血液透析患者非瓣膜性房颤抗凝药物的总体处方模式和常规实践中阿哌沙班的剂量选择尚不清楚。

为了解决这些差距,研究者使用美国肾脏数据系统(USRDS)的数据进行了这项回顾性队列研究,纳入了2013年1月1日至2017年12月1日期间诊断为房颤的所有成年人,分析仅限于血液透析患者。

研究共确定了43111名患有新发房颤的血液透析患者。大多数患者在30天内未开始任何抗凝治疗。开始抗凝治疗的患者中,大多数患者(6540或82.02%)服用华法林,其次是阿哌沙班(1343或16.84%)。在研究期间,阿哌沙班治疗的新发房颤患者稳步增加,还有一些患者服用利伐沙班、达比加群或恩多沙班。当评估新房颤诊断后90天内开始抗凝治疗时,这些处方模式是一致的。阿哌沙班和华法林在共病负担方面相似。然而,使用阿哌沙班治疗的患者后期接受静脉注射铁和红细胞生成刺激疗法的可能性更高。

在排除体重数据缺失和改变给药方式的患者(n=166)后,评估了1177例阿哌沙班起始者的给药适宜性。515名患者(43.76%)开始使用标准剂量的阿哌沙班,其中19名患者(3.69%)符合降低剂量的标准,390名(58.91%)未达到FDA推荐的减少剂量标准。

根据年龄和体重计算的阿哌沙班的剂量

总的来说,血液透析患者血栓形成和出血的风险增加,而在这一特定人群中,关于抗凝治疗的有效性和安全性的数据缺乏。在这项全国性的研究中,研究者发现大多数血液透析患者在新发房颤30天内没有开始任何抗凝治疗,且随着安全性优于华法林的新型药物的出现,在这一人群中,启动抗凝治疗或不启动抗凝治疗的风险与收益之间的权衡可能需要重新研究。鉴于阿哌沙班在血液透析患者中的处方增加,迫切需要强有力的研究评估阿哌沙班的适当剂量。

参考文献:Use of Anticoagulants and Dosing Appropriateness of Apixaban for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Among Hemodialysis Patients. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.08.014

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    2021-10-11 habb
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