JAMA Oncol: 个体化自适应立体定向放疗治疗肝癌 结果超预期

2017-08-14 呆毛 肿瘤资讯

先前存在肝功能异常的患者在肝肿瘤个体化治疗中获益最大,可以最大限度地控制肿瘤和减少肝衰竭的风险。该试验中研究者设计了一项个体化的适应性试验来检验这一假设,即根据肝功能的变化来优化每个患者的治疗参数。研究结果优于预设效果,提示个体化适性放疗策略可能代表一种新的治疗模式,其剂量基于个体,而非基于整个人群,可使患者更容易耐受治疗。

先前存在肝功能异常的患者在肝肿瘤个体化治疗中获益最大,可以最大限度地控制肿瘤和减少肝衰竭的风险。该试验中研究者设计了一项个体化的适应性试验来检验这一假设,即根据肝功能的变化来优化每个患者的治疗参数。研究结果优于预设效果,提示个体化适性放疗策略可能代表一种新的治疗模式,其剂量基于个体,而非基于整个人群,可使患者更容易耐受治疗。

目的:

检验SRBT治疗已有肝功能异常的肝癌患者的安全性和有效性。

试验设计和患者人群特征:从2010年到2014年, 这项大型2期单臂临床试验共纳入90例已有靶向肝脏治疗史的肝癌患者,所有患者至少随访1年。以吲哚青绿清除试验(ICGR15)作为肝功能的生物标志物,在SBRT治疗期间,利用自适应贝叶斯模型,个体化设计并随时调整治疗方案和剂量,以期在治疗结束后仍维持肝功能不下降。

主要终点和次要终点:主要终点是局部控制;次要终点是安全性和总生存率。

结果:

患者年龄34岁~85岁,其中70 % 是男性(63例)。90例患者(69例 [ 77% ]肝细胞癌,4例(4%)肝内胆管细胞癌,17例(19%)转移性肿瘤)接受了治疗。62例(69%)为肝硬化,21例(23%)Child Pugh(CP)为B级,肿瘤大小中位数为3厘米;门静脉受累16例(18%)。62例患者(69%)完成了全部5次的分割治疗(47例全剂量,15例由于ICGR15上升减少剂量)。治疗耐受性良好,并发症发生率低于预期。6例患者(7%)在进行SBRT后6个月CP下降了2分。1年和2年的局部控制率分别为99%(95% CI,97% - 100%)和95%(95% CI,91% - 99%)。

讨论:

这个大型的2期临床试验表明,基于生物标志物策略的个体化自适应放疗可在不增加肝脏损伤风险的前提下,实现局部控制率高,安全性高的治疗目的。标准放射治疗完全依赖于以人群为基础的毒性模型,根据对最敏感的5%人群的毒性效应风险,限制了95%患者的治疗计划。相反,我们在治疗每个患者时,都测定其肝脏对放射的敏感性,及时修改剩余的放疗计划,这样的治疗也不会对辐射敏感的患者造成损伤。这种做法可能成为放射治疗的一种新模式,根据患者个体响应而不是依靠大范围人群为基础来调整剂量。

研究结果证明这种方法对相对未选择的患者是有利的。最近的一项研究表明,在经过仔细选择的,肝功能障碍最小的患者中,经SBRT治疗后局部控制率已接近90%。但是在肿瘤体积比较大或经其他治疗后复发的患者中,局部控制率普遍不理想。尽管基于人群数据制定的放射治疗计划已经很谨慎。,在存在肝功能异常的患者中,特别是CPB级和C级肝硬化的患者中,放射性肝病上升到27%,CP分数下降2分或以上的比例达到34%。

在多变量分析中,局部控制与改善生存率无关,2年OS仅为36%。这是由于大部分入组患者经过治疗的后期,接受治疗的中位次数为2,这使得进展性肝硬化和第二原发肿瘤的风险增加。因此,我们认为该研究结果证明了放疗可以安全控制肝癌,如果在疾病早期使用放射治疗,我们预计将改善生存率。索拉非尼在手术或消融后的辅助治疗尚未成功,表明全身治疗方案仍需要进一步改善。

在这个试验中,我们使用ICG清除率的变化作为肝功能的生物标志物。该标记物已在亚洲广泛用于评估肝切除肝癌的安全性和预测危重患者的存活率。其他生物标志物正在评估用于早期检测肝损伤的可能性,包括细胞因子和小分子RNA,但这些还不成熟。除了生物标志物之外,影像标记物正在开发用于评估肝功能。

局限性:

这项研究有几个局限性。首先,患者人群有轻微的异质性。在试验过程中,转移性肿瘤患者的危险性明显低于原发性肝肿瘤和/或肝硬化患者。此外,虽然这是一个大型的2期试验,但它仅仅是个单臂单中心的研究,有一定局限性。

结论:

本研究发现,通过测定肝功能的直接生物标志物,制定个体化适应治疗的治疗策略,既可以达到高局部控制率,又可以达到较高的安全性而不牺牲疗效。个体化适应放射治疗可能代表一种新的治疗模式,其剂量设计以个体为基础,而非以人群为基础,可提高肝癌患者的耐受性。

原始出处:Feng M, Suresh K3, Schipper MJ, Individualized Adaptive Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Liver Tumors in Patients at High Risk for Liver Damage: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017 Aug 10.

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    2017-11-17 naiwu77
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    2018-07-29 minlingfeng
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    2018-02-24 liao1632
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