Immunity: 阿尔茨海默病的“砒霜”,青光眼之“蜜饯”!APOE4遏制青光眼神经细胞丢失

2022-08-19 周K 神经周刊

在阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 和多发性硬化症中可通过APOE4将稳态的小胶质细胞转变为疾病状态,这些小胶质细胞也被称为疾病相关的小胶质细胞。

载脂蛋白 E4 (APOE4) 等位基因可增加阿尔茨海默病患病风险,却能降低年龄相关的青光眼患病风险。青光眼主要特征为进行性视网膜神经节细胞 (RGC) 丢失,影响全球约 8000 万人。氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍、神经营养因子缺失以及星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞炎性反应被认为介导上述RGC的丢失。

在阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 和多发性硬化症中可通过APOE4将稳态的小胶质细胞转变为疾病状态,这些小胶质细胞也被称为疾病相关的小胶质细胞。

2022年8月15日哈佛医学院Oleg Butovsky研究团队揭示了APOE4等位基因可减弱小胶质细胞神经退行性疾病表型,在青光眼模型中保护神经节细胞的作用,表明了 APOE4可作为阿尔茨海默病的“砒霜”,青光眼的“蜜饯”!

1

青光眼小鼠模型小胶质细胞状态的改变

磁性微珠前房注射诱导高眼压模型小鼠或青光眼模型基因小鼠视网膜中小胶质细胞的稳态基因(P2ry12, Tmem119, Tgfbr1,和Mef2a)表达下降,疾病相关的基因(Apoe, Lgals3,炎症因子和补体信号)表达增加。免疫荧光实验青光眼模型基因小鼠视网膜中小胶质细胞表达Apoe增加。

尽管眼压依然较高,但在全敲除Apoe后青光眼模型小鼠可降低RGC的丢失。研究人员为了进一步确定特异性细胞类型的Apoe的作用,他们通过CX3CR1工具小鼠特异性敲除中枢神经系统髓系细胞(包括小胶质细胞和血管旁巨噬细胞)后可明显减少磁性微珠前房注射引起的RGC丢失。

图1:青光眼模型小鼠小胶质细胞转录组学特征

2

敲除Apoe后可维持小胶质细胞的稳态功能

单细胞测序技术发现注射磁珠引起野生型小鼠视网膜表现出疾病状态相关小胶质细胞核心基因表达明显增加,但在敲除Apoe后这些基因表达均下降,即便是表达增加最强的Lgals3也下降。

与接受无吞噬活性的稳态小胶质细胞相比,野生型小鼠眼球内接受具有吞噬能力的疾病状态相关小胶质细胞注射后RGC数量减少。在敲除Apoe后可阻断上述RGC的丢失,这就表明吞噬能力的疾病状态相关小胶质细胞可直接引起RGC的退化。

图2:敲除Apoe视网膜小胶质细胞维持稳态

3

Apoe-Galectin-3信号保护神经节细胞的丢失

青光眼小鼠模型中小胶质细胞上Lgals3基因编码的Galectin-3蛋白水平明显升高,但在敲除Apoe后可阻断Galectin-3蛋白的升高。进一步的实验证实了敲除Lgals3或者Galectin-3蛋白抑制剂可明显减少青光眼模型小鼠RGC的丢失。

人类 APOE 基因具有三个等位基因 APOE2、APOE3 和APOE4,其中APOE3是常见的等位基因。人源化APOE2、APOE3 小鼠眼球在接受微型磁珠注射后引起RGC胞体和轴突的明显丢失,但在人源化APOE4小鼠中这种RGC的丢失得到遏制。

单细胞测序实验证实了接受微型磁珠注射的人源化APOE3 小鼠小胶质细胞Apoe, Lgals3,炎症因子和补体信号相关基因表达上调,而化APOE4 小鼠小胶质细胞基因维持稳态状态。

图3:敲除Lgals3保护神经节细胞

总结

本文通过两种青光眼小鼠模型发现小胶质细胞由稳态转变为神经退行性疾病相关的状态(转录组学水平),并进一步揭示了小胶质细胞的APOE- Galectin-3信号通路在青光眼小鼠模型中发挥保护视网膜神经节细胞丢失的作用。

原始出处:

Margeta et al., Apolipoprotein E4 impairs the response of neurodegenerative retinal microglia and prevents neuronalloss in glaucoma, Immunity (2022).

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    2022-08-21 bnjfy
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    2022-08-21 hittouch
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1818255, encodeId=8b371818255bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c9f9e777ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97777, encryptionId=4c9f9e777ac, topicName=阿尔茨海)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Dec 16 21:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1817232, encodeId=1439181e232d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=17b59e77626' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97776, encryptionId=17b59e77626, topicName=阿尔茨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Bnia2EtH2IvyBtniaWHPQOYAicsN3IAL1ZuPV7qyALcdCiawRJdEiafMxWTxzERQW7eeKg8HfCKCRK2CJicy073C4RJg/132, createdBy=464b2500186, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 13:37:48 CST 2023, time=2023-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2030440, encodeId=732120304407a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25079e7287' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Immunity#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9772, encryptionId=25079e7287, topicName=Immunity)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/C4Qhy5XHSe503Qbjzc1UtDR83BCv66o6P2XRedX9ohsNGa3uEVicFFk2qkuX5zBSmpicepFySBrwoYknhqMdKmtw/132, createdBy=1aca2500179, createdName=12498d2fm51(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jan 10 14:37:48 CST 2023, time=2023-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365730, encodeId=b9351365e30fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41ef26683f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APOE4#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2668, encryptionId=41ef26683f, topicName=APOE4)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=bnjfy, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391406, encodeId=a29613914061f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b7de33193d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#砒霜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73319, encryptionId=3b7de33193d, topicName=砒霜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1470603, encodeId=997614e060388, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45a79e7788c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海默#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97778, encryptionId=45a79e7788c, topicName=阿尔茨海默)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5917090900, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489567, encodeId=46bc148956e47, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=362fe4482f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74482, encryptionId=362fe4482f1, topicName=神经细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=81b08562535, createdName=liye789132254, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590634, encodeId=91011590634bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c80a2666f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APOE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2666, encryptionId=c80a2666f2, topicName=APOE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff9817837767, createdName=xiongke016, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1818255, encodeId=8b371818255bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c9f9e777ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97777, encryptionId=4c9f9e777ac, topicName=阿尔茨海)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Dec 16 21:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1817232, encodeId=1439181e232d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=17b59e77626' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97776, encryptionId=17b59e77626, topicName=阿尔茨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Bnia2EtH2IvyBtniaWHPQOYAicsN3IAL1ZuPV7qyALcdCiawRJdEiafMxWTxzERQW7eeKg8HfCKCRK2CJicy073C4RJg/132, createdBy=464b2500186, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 13:37:48 CST 2023, time=2023-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2030440, encodeId=732120304407a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25079e7287' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Immunity#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9772, encryptionId=25079e7287, topicName=Immunity)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/C4Qhy5XHSe503Qbjzc1UtDR83BCv66o6P2XRedX9ohsNGa3uEVicFFk2qkuX5zBSmpicepFySBrwoYknhqMdKmtw/132, createdBy=1aca2500179, createdName=12498d2fm51(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jan 10 14:37:48 CST 2023, time=2023-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365730, encodeId=b9351365e30fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41ef26683f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APOE4#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2668, encryptionId=41ef26683f, topicName=APOE4)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=bnjfy, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391406, encodeId=a29613914061f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b7de33193d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#砒霜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73319, encryptionId=3b7de33193d, topicName=砒霜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1470603, encodeId=997614e060388, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45a79e7788c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海默#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97778, encryptionId=45a79e7788c, topicName=阿尔茨海默)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5917090900, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489567, encodeId=46bc148956e47, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=362fe4482f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74482, encryptionId=362fe4482f1, topicName=神经细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=81b08562535, createdName=liye789132254, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590634, encodeId=91011590634bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c80a2666f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APOE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2666, encryptionId=c80a2666f2, topicName=APOE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff9817837767, createdName=xiongke016, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 14:37:48 CST 2022, time=2022-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2022-08-21 xiongke016

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