NCCN发布首个儿童脑癌指南:强调基于NGS的变异分析在诊断、治疗等方面的重要性

2022-07-18 测序中国 测序中国

一睹为快~

近日,美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network)发布了治疗脑癌儿童的新指南,强调了广泛的分子谱分析在诊断、治疗和确定患者临床试验机会方面的重要性。

该文件题为“NCCN儿科中枢神经系统肿瘤临床实践指南(NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Pediatric Central Nervous System Cancers,是针对儿童脑癌的首个指南,标志着该组织首次发布针对儿童患者的治疗管理建议,与成人患者的治疗管理建议分开。

梅奥诊所的放射肿瘤学家兼儿童中枢神经系统癌症NCCN指南小组副主席Anita Mahajan医学博士表示:新指南提供了跨学科治疗的循证建议,包括肿瘤学家/神经肿瘤学家、放射肿瘤学家、病理学家和小儿神经外科医生。该指南建议所有高级别胶质瘤患者应接受具有中枢神经系统肿瘤管理经验的多学科团队的护理。

脑癌是儿童第二大常见恶性肿瘤,大约15%的颅内肿瘤发生在19岁以下的患者。5年总生存率低于20%NCCN专门针对患有高级别神经胶质瘤的儿童进行了组织病理学、免疫组织化学和分子评估,认识到儿童神经胶质瘤的潜在分子改变与成人不同。

对于免疫组化(IHC)检测,该指南建议检测BRAF V600EH3 k27me 3ini 1(smar CB 1) IDH1 R132H,以及其他生物标志物。以上检测对于确定高级别肿瘤与低级别肿瘤以及定位具有预后相关性和治疗意义的基因突变至关重要。

值得注意的是,NCCN明确支持儿童脑癌的分子特征分析,因为目前针对难治性儿童患者有多种基于NTRK融合、BRAF V600E、微卫星不稳定性和肿瘤突变负荷的不区分组织类型的治疗策略。

为了确定适合这些治疗的儿童脑肿瘤患者,NCCN认为需要一个广泛的分子特征分析策略。由于靶标基因的数量和潜在的复发性突变的类型,包括点突变、插入/缺失、拷贝数变异和融合,指南推荐多标记而不是单基因检测的策略。

例如,NCCN建议使用NGS来识别ROS1METNTRK1/2/3ALKFGFR1/2/3的融合,并推荐使用RNA测序和/或高分辨率拷贝数阵列。据该指南,基于DNA甲基化的分析不应该被用作一线分子检测NCCN还建议医生在适当的临床背景下强烈考虑胚系遗传检测,以确定遗传性癌症风险,但同时警告并非所有的测序分析都能区分胚系和体细胞突变。

在治疗策略方面,关于辅助治疗,NCCN仍然建议将化疗作为首选方案,但指出了多种其他靶向和免疫治疗选项作为其他推荐选项

例如,如果患者携带BRAF V600E突变,可以单独使用诺华的Tafinlar-Mekinist组合(dabrafenib-trametinib)或Daiichi Sankyo和基因泰克的Zelborafvemurafenib)进行靶向治疗,无需化疗。如果患者的肿瘤含有NTRK融合蛋白,可以使用BayerVitrakvilarotrectinib)或GenentechRozlytrek entrectinib)进行治疗,无需化疗。如果患者的肿瘤为超突变,可以考虑使用免疫检查点抑制剂进行治疗,例如百时美施贵宝的Opdivo nivolumab)或默克的Keytrudapembrolizumab),而不进行化疗。

在复发性或渐进性疾病的治疗中,NCCN推荐所有上述生物标志物告知的治疗方案作为首选方案。除ZelborafOpdivo外,这些治疗策略中的大部分都在美国获批用于不区分组织类型的难治性儿童癌症患者的治疗。同时,NCCN还讨论了分子特征分析在儿科脑癌患者进入临床试验中的重要性。

根据Anita Mahajan的解释,该团队计划就影响儿童的其他中枢神经系统肿瘤类型提出建议,而不仅仅是第一版本中的神经胶质瘤肿瘤子集。现在,随着我们对如何区分和表征这些肿瘤了解得越来越多,科学正在进步。我们预计针对特定患者和肿瘤的个性化治疗将会增加。

参考资料:

NCCN Publishes First Guidelines for Pediatric Brain Cancer, Recommends Broad NGS Profiling

https://www.genomeweb.com/cancer/nccn-publishes-first-guidelines-pediatric-brain-cancer-recommends-broad-ngs-profiling#.Ys4u04t36M8

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    2022-12-06 mgqwxj
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    2022-07-20 Tommy1949
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Oncoceutics公司宣布扩大其在美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的多样化合作。ONC206已经在中枢神经系统癌症模型中进行了多年的广泛研究,由美国国家癌症研究所癌症研究中心(CCR)神经肿瘤学科主任马克吉尔伯特实验室评估,这些研究令人信服地证明了ONC206对通常被认为是无法治愈的脑癌具有显著的治疗作用。

Nature:用于脑癌治疗的新型个体化治疗性疫苗进行首次人体试验

最近出版Nature杂志公布了I期GAPVAC-101研究的有利数据,测试了治疗具有特定的胶质母细胞瘤的新型治疗概念。

以毒攻毒,病毒治脑癌!日本率先实现应用溶瘤病毒治疗恶性脑胶质瘤

脑胶质瘤进展快、复发率高、预后差,中位生存期不足20个月,5年生存率仅为5%,迫切需要更有效的治疗手段。

脑癌患者身上发现的淋巴结状结构可以帮助对抗肿瘤

瑞典乌普萨拉大学的研究人员在脑癌患者身上发现了靠近肿瘤的淋巴结状结构,免疫细胞可在此被激活以攻击肿瘤。他们还发现,在一个小鼠模型中,免疫疗法增强了这些结构的形成。这一发现为调节免疫系统的抗肿瘤反应提供

Nat Neuro:新免疫疗法组合可能有效治疗小儿脑癌

导言:肿瘤医生都知道“化疗+放疗”是首选抗癌疗法之一。因为放化疗结合应用能更有效杀死癌细胞。但是,对于儿童肿瘤患者,他们弱小的身躯仍在生长,器官尚未完全发育。那些对成人常规抗癌

港科大与北京天坛医院研发治疗脑癌新药,最快2年后投入治疗

据香港《明报》报道,香港医院管理局每年录得200宗恶性脑肿瘤新症,当中约1/4为“低级别神经胶质瘤”,大部分会早10年内恶化成致命的“继发性胶质母细胞瘤(sGBM)”。香港科技大学与北京天坛医院组成的研究团队用了2年时间,发现sGBM的基因突变机制,并成功配对药物完成一期临床试验,目前正做二期临床试验,预计最快2年后药物可投入治疗。据报道,科大生命科学部兼化学及生物工程学系助理教授王吉光领导的研究